ม้า
máaMeanings
1NounA1
horse
a large equine animal with four legs, a mane, and a tail, used for riding, racing, or carrying loads
Examples
ม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)ตัวใหญ่dtuua-yàiตัวใหญ่dtuua-yài1big; large-bodied2large letters; uppercase (colloq.)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoแผงคอpɛ̌ɛng-kɔɔแผงคอpɛ̌ɛng-kɔɔmane (of an animal)สวยsǔuaiสวยsǔuai1beautiful; pretty2nicely done; fine3beautifully; nicely; neatlyและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)หางhǎangหางhǎang1tail (of an animal)2tail-like part; trailing end3rear; back end4classifier: tailsยาวyaaoยาวyaao1long (length)2long (duration)3[to] grow long; become longer
The big horse has a beautiful mane and a long tail.
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Yesterday he rode a horse along the path in the forest.
Tomorrow we will take the horses to race at the track.
I ride a horse at the beach.
Yesterday we went to watch horse racing at the track.
Tomorrow the villagers will use horses to carry loads up the mountain
I ride a horse in the park
Yesterday he took the horse to race at the track
2NounB1
sawhorse; trestle
a sturdy stand used to support wood or other materials while being cut; also a trestle-like support
Examples
ช่างchângช่างchâng1artisan; mechanic; technician2crafts-; technical (prefix)3never mind; let it be4how (exclamatory)5[to] be inclined to; be given toวางwaangวางwaang1[to] put; place; set (down)2[to] hang up (the phone); end a call3[to] lay (eggs)4[to] lay out; formulate; establish (plan/policy/system)5[to] set; assign; impose6[to] let go of; relinquish (attachment/prejudice)แผ่นไม้pɛ̀n-máaiแผ่นไม้pɛ̀n-máai1wooden board; plank2wood sheetบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)ม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderเลื่อยlʉ̂ʉaiเลื่อยlʉ̂ʉai1saw (tool)2[to] saw; [to] cut with a sawตัดdtàtตัดdtàt1[to] cut2[to] trim; clip3[to] cut off; turn off; disconnect4[to] eliminate; remove5[to] edit; cut (media/text)6[to] deduct7[to] cross (a path); cut acrossให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)พอดีpɔɔ-diiพอดีpɔɔ-dii1just right; exactly suitable2exactly; just (in time/amount)3just enough4happen to; by chance5[to] fit exactly; be just right
The carpenter placed the wooden board on the saw horse and cut it to size.
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หน้างานnâa-ngaanไม่มีmâi-miiโต๊ะdtóเราraoเลยləəiตั้งม้าdtâng-máaสองsɔ̌ɔngตัวdtuuaเพื่อรองรับpʉ̂ʉa-rɔɔng-rápแผ่นไม้pɛ̀n-máaiยาวyaao
There was no table at the site, so we set up two saw horses to support the long board.
เขาkǎoยึดyʉ́tชิ้นงานchín-ngaanกับgàpม้าmáaให้hâiแน่นnɛ̂nก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmเลื่อยlʉ̂ʉaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai
He secured the workpiece to the saw horse before sawing for safety.
ผู้รับเหมาpûu-ráp-mǎoใช้cháiม้าmáaเหล็กlèkเป็นbpenโครงkroongค้ำkámระหว่างrá-wàangเทปูนtee-bpuunเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganไม่ให้mâi-hâiแผ่นpɛ̀nแบบbɛ̀ɛpโก่งgòong
The contractor used metal trestles as support during concrete pouring to prevent the formwork from bending.
3NounB1
chess knight
the knight piece in chess, which moves in an L-shape
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)หมากรุกmàak-rúkหมากรุกmàak-rúkchess; makruk (Thai chess)ม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)เดินdəənเดินdəən1[to] walk; go on foot2[to] proceed; go; move along3[to] run; operate (machine/system)4[to] run; operate; keep runningเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)รูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formตัวแอลdtuua-ɛɛnตัวแอลdtuua-ɛɛn1the letter "L"2L-shaped object
In chess, the knight moves in an L-shape.
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ถ้าtâaเดินdəənม้าmáaไปbpaiช่องchɔ̂ngนี้níiจะสามารถjà-sǎa-mâatบีบให้bìip-hâiราชาraa-chaaถอยหลังtɔ̌ɔi-lǎng
If you move the knight to this square, you can force the king to retreat.
เขาkǎoวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnสละsà-làเรือrʉʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเปิดทางbpə̀ət-taangให้hâiม้าmáaทำtamส้อมsɔ̂ɔmกินginสองต่อsɔ̌ɔng-dtɔ̀ɔ
He planned to sacrifice a rook to open the way for the knight to execute a fork.
4NounB2
treadle; foot-operated lever
a foot-operated pedal or lever used to power or control a machine (e.g., a sewing machine treadle)
Examples
ช่างซ่อมchâng-sɔ̂mช่างซ่อมchâng-sɔ̂mrepair technician; mechanicจักรjàkจักรjàk1wheel; disc; gear2sewing machine (colloquial, short for จักรเย็บผ้า)3chakra; discus (emblematic, weapon)บอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)หนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)ไปหน่อยbpai-nɔ̀iไปหน่อยbpai-nɔ̀i1a little (farther/over); slightly2a bit (too); somewhat excessiveถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseปรับbpràpปรับbpràp1[to] adjust; modify2[to] adapt; acclimatize3[to] fine; impose a fineสายพานsǎai-paanสายพานsǎai-paan1belt (power transmission)2conveyor beltแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เหยียบyìiapเหยียบyìiap1[to] step on; tread on2[to] press (a pedal) with the foot3[to] crush/flatten underfoot4[to] reach (a speed of)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerลื่นlʉ̂ʉnลื่นlʉ̂ʉn1slippery; slick2[to] be slippery; slide3smooth; seamless (process/experience)4slick; glib (speech/behavior)ขึ้นkʉ̂nขึ้นkʉ̂n1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country
The repairman said the treadle is a bit heavy; once the belt is adjusted, it will pedal more smoothly.
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ยายyaaiยังyangใช้cháiจักรjàkแบบbɛ̀ɛpม้าmáaอยู่yùuเพราะprɔ́เธอtəəชอบchɔ̂ɔpควบคุมkûuap-kumความเร็วkwaam-reoด้วยdûuaiเท้าtáaoได้dâaiละเอียดlá-ìiatกว่าgwàaจักรไฟฟ้าjàk-fai-fáa
Grandma still uses a treadle sewing machine because she prefers controlling the speed with her foot more precisely than with an electric machine.
เวลาwee-laaเหยียบyìiapม้าmáaให้hâiรักษาrák-sǎaจังหวะjang-wàอย่าyàaเร่งrêngหรือrʉ̌ʉผ่อนกะทันหันpɔ̀ɔn-gà-tan-hǎnเพราะprɔ́แรงrɛɛngสะดุดsà-dùtจะjàทำให้tam-hâiเข็มkěmหักhàkได้dâai
When pressing the treadle, maintain a steady rhythm; don't speed up or slow down abruptly, as a jolt can break the needle.
แม่mɛ̂ɛบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiเหยียบyìiapม้าmáaเย็บผ้าyép-pâaให้hâiสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əไม่งั้นmâi-ngánด้ายdâaiจะjàติดdtìtและlɛ́ผ้าpâaจะjàย่นyôn
Mom told me to press the sewing machine treadle evenly, otherwise the thread will snag and the fabric will pucker.
ช่างซ่อมchâng-sɔ̂mจักรเย็บผ้าjàk-yép-pâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaม้าmáaหนักเกินไปnàk-gəən-bpaiเลยləəiหมุนmǔnยากyâakต้องdtɔ̂ngปรับbpràpสายพานsǎai-paanใหม่mài
The sewing machine repairman said the treadle was too heavy and hard to turn, so the belt needs adjusting.
พอpɔɔฉันchǎnผ่อนแรงpɔ̀ɔn-rɛɛngเท้าtáaoใส่sàiม้าmáaเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangก็gɔ̂ช้าลงcháa-longทันทีtan-tiiทำให้tam-hâiควบคุมkûuap-kumตะเข็บdtà-kèpโค้งkóongได้dâaiแม่นยำmɛ̂n-yamขึ้นkʉ̂n
As I eased my foot on the treadle, the machine immediately slowed down, allowing me to control curved seams more precisely.
ในnaiร้านตัดเสื้อráan-dtàt-sʉ̂ʉaโบราณboo-raanเขาkǎoยังyangใช้cháiจักรjàkแบบbɛ̀ɛpเหยียบyìiapโดยdooiอาศัยaa-sǎiม้าmáaในnaiการถ่ายทอดgaan-tàai-tɔ̂ɔtแรงrɛɛngเท้าtáaoไปbpaiหมุนmǔnล้อจักรlɔ́ɔ-jàk
In a traditional tailor shop, they still use a foot-operated machine, relying on the treadle to transfer foot power to spin the flywheel.
เวลาwee-laaเย็บผ้าyép-pâaฉันchǎnต้องdtɔ̂ngเหยียบyìiapม้าmáaให้hâiจังหวะjang-wàสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əไม่อย่างนั้นmâi-yàang-nánด้ายdâaiจะjàตึงdtʉngเกินไปgəən-bpai
When sewing, I have to press the treadle at a steady rhythm; otherwise the thread will be too tight.
เวลาwee-laaเย็บผ้าyép-pâaฉันchǎnต้องdtɔ̂ngเหยียบyìiapม้าmáaให้hâiสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əไม่อย่างนั้นmâi-yàang-nánเข็มkěmจะjàสะดุดsà-dùt
When sewing, I have to press the treadle evenly, otherwise the needle will snag.
เขาkǎoสอนsɔ̌ɔnแม่บ้านmɛ̂ɛ-bâanให้hâiใช้cháiม้าmáaกระตุกgrà-dtùkเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangเย็บผ้าyép-pâaโดยdooiบอกbɔ̀ɔkจังหวะjang-wàเหยียบyìiapและlɛ́ปล่อยbplɔ̀i
He taught the housewives to use the sewing machine treadle by explaining the rhythm of pressing and releasing.
ถ้าtâaเหยียบyìiapม้าmáaแรงrɛɛngเกินไปgəən-bpaiผ้าpâaจะjàวิ่งwîngเร็วreoและlɛ́ตะเข็บdtà-kèpจะjàเบี้ยวbîiaoจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngคุมkumแรงrɛɛngเท้าtáaoให้ดีhâi-dii
If you press the treadle too hard, the fabric will run fast and the seam will be crooked, so you must control your foot pressure well.
ช่างซ่อมchâng-sɔ̂mแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiหยอดyɔ̀ɔtน้ำมันnám-manตรงdtrongแกนgɛɛnม้าmáaและlɛ́ปรับbpràpสายพานsǎai-paanเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiแรงส่งrɛɛng-sòngจากjàakเท้าtáaoไปbpaiเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əขึ้นkʉ̂n
The repairman recommended oiling the treadle axle and adjusting the belt so the power transfer from foot to machine is more consistent.
5NounB2
gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse
a padded gym apparatus used for vaulting or for routines with hand grips (pommel horse)
Examples
ครูสอนkruu sŏnให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)จับjàpจับjàp1[to] hold; grasp2[to] touch; feel3[to] catch; seize; capture4[to] arrest5[to] detect; pick up; sense6[to] attack; come on (of fever)ห่วงhùuangห่วงhùuang1ring; hoop; loop2worry; concern; care3[to] worry about; care for4attachment; emotional hold5classifier: วงม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)แน่นnâenแน่นnâen1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)ก่อนgònก่อนgòn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerเริ่มrêrmเริ่มrêrm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toหมุนตัวmŭn dtuuaหมุนตัวmŭn dtuua1[to] spin; twirl2[to] turn around; pivotเพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofความปลอดภัยkwaam bplòt paiความปลอดภัยkwaam bplòt pai1safety2security
The coach teaches to grip the pommel horse handles firmly before starting to swing for safety.
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ระหว่างrá-wàangรอบชิงrɔ̂ɔp-chingนักกีฬาnák-gii-laaพลาดplâatจังหวะjang-wàตอนdtɔɔnเปลี่ยนbplìianมือmʉʉบนbonม้าmáaทำtamให้คะแนนhâi-ká-nɛɛnลดลงlót-longอย่างyàangน่าเสียดายnâa-sǐia-daai
During the finals, the athlete mistimed the hand transition on the pommel horse, which unfortunately lowered the score.
การควบคุมgaan-kûuap-kumลำตัวlam-dtuuaและlɛ́จังหวะjang-wàการแกว่งgaan-gwɛ̀ɛngเป็นbpenหัวใจhǔua-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngท่าtâaม้าmáaหูhǔuขณะเดียวกันkà-nà-diiao-ganต้องdtɔ̂ngรักษาrák-sǎaแนวnɛɛoลำตัวlam-dtuuaให้hâiตรงตามdtrong-dtaamกติกาgà-dtì-gaa
Core control and swing rhythm are the heart of the pommel horse routine, while keeping the body line straight according to the rules.
นักยิมนาสติกnák-yim-nâat-dtìkฝึกท่าfʉ̀k-tâaมือmʉʉบนbonม้าmáaทุกวันtúk-wanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเตรียมdtriiamแข่งkɛ̀ngระดับrá-dàpจังหวัดjang-wàt
The gymnast practices hand routines on the pommel horse every day to prepare for the provincial competition.
โค้ชkóotบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiผมpǒmจับjàpที่tîiจับม้าjàp-máaให้hâiแน่นnɛ̂nก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmสวิงขาsà-wǐng-kǎa
The coach told me to grip the pommel horse handles firmly before starting the leg swings.
โรงยิมroong-yimเพิ่งpə̂ngเปลี่ยนbplìianม้าmáaใหม่màiที่tîiมีmiiเบาะbɔ̀หนาnǎaขึ้นkʉ̂nเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดlótการกระแทกgaan-grà-tɛ̂ɛkเวลาwee-laaลงlongน้ำหนักnám-nàkด้วยdûuaiแขนkɛ̌ɛn
The gym just replaced the pommel horse with one that has thicker padding to reduce impact when bearing weight with the arms.
เขาkǎoคุมจังหวะkum-jang-wàการหมุนตัวgaan-mǔn-dtuuaบนbonม้าmáaได้dâaiลื่นไหลlʉ̂ʉn-lǎiโดยdooiย้ายyáaiมือmʉʉบนbonที่จับtîi-jàpอย่างแม่นยำyàang-mɛ̂n-yamจนjonคะแนนká-nɛɛnความสะอาดkwaam-sà-àatสูงsǔung
He controlled his rotations on the pommel horse smoothly, shifting his hands on the grips precisely, resulting in a high execution score.
นักnákกายกรรมgaai-yá-gamซ้อมท่าsɔ́ɔm-tâaบนbonม้าmáaทุกวันtúk-wanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเตรียมตัวdtriiam-dtuuaแข่งkɛ̀ngระดับrá-dàpจังหวัดjang-wàt
The gymnast practices routines on the pommel horse every day to prepare for the provincial competition.
วันนี้wan-níiครูยิมkruu-yimให้เราhâi-raoฝึกfʉ̀kกระโดดgrà-dòotข้ามkâamม้าmáaและlɛ́ลงพื้นlong-pʉ́ʉnอย่างมั่นคงyàang-mân-kong
Today the gym teacher had us practice vaulting over the pommel horse and landing steadily.
เขาkăoจับหูjàp hŏoม้าmáaแน่นnâenๆ-แล้วláeoแกว่งขาgwàeng kăaไปbpaiรอบrôpๆ-เพื่อpêuuaจบjòpท่าtâaพื้นฐานpĕun tăan
He gripped the pommel horse handles firmly and swung his legs around to finish the basic move.
นักnákกายกรรมgaai-yá-gamต้องdtɔ̂ngปรับbpràpความสูงkwaam-sǔungของkɔ̌ɔngม้าmáaก่อนgɔ̀ɔnซ้อมsɔ́ɔmเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiท่าtâaหมุนรอบmǔn-rɔ̂ɔpหูhǔuม้าmáaทำได้tam-dâaiลื่นไหลlʉ̂ʉn-lǎiและlɛ́ปลอดภัยbplɔ̀ɔt-pai
The gymnast must adjust the pommel horse height before practice so that the circles around the handles are smooth and safe.
ในnaiการแข่งขันgaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎnเขาkǎoพลาดplâatจังหวะjang-wàตอนdtɔɔnเปลี่ยนbplìianจากjàakด้านหน้าdâan-nâaม้าmáaไปbpaiด้านdâanท้ายtáaiทำtamให้คะแนนhâi-ká-nɛɛnท่าtâaม้าmáaลดลงlót-longอย่างyàangน่าเสียดายnâa-sǐia-daai
In the competition, he missed the timing when transitioning from the front to the back of the pommel horse, which unfortunately lowered his pommel routine score.
6NounC1
stimulant drug (slang)
a slang term for methamphetamine or certain stimulants
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerเตือนdtʉʉanเตือนdtʉʉan1[to] remind2[to] warn3[to] caution; admonishวัยรุ่นwai-rûnวัยรุ่นwai-rûn1teenager; youth (person/people)2teenage; for teens; youthful3adolescence; the teenage yearsให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)หลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiang1[to] avoid; evade; steer clear of2[to] circumvent; sidestepการใช้gaan-cháiการใช้gaan-chái1use; usage; utilization2exercise (of a right or authority)ม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)เพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingอันตรายan-dtà-raaiอันตรายan-dtà-raai1danger; hazard2dangerous; hazardousต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5[to] renew; extendสุขภาพsùk-kà-pâapสุขภาพsùk-kà-pâaphealth
The police warned youths to avoid using meth (‘maa’) because it is dangerous to health.
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เขาkǎoถูกtùukจับjàpเพราะprɔ́พกpókม้าmáaหลายlǎaiเม็ดmétไว้wáiในnaiกระเป๋าgrà-bpǎoและlɛ́มีmiiพฤติกรรมprʉ́t-dtì-gamน่าสงสัยnâa-sǒng-sǎi
He was arrested for carrying several meth pills in his bag and acting suspiciously.
ชุมชนchum-chonร่วมมือrûuam-mʉʉกับgàpหน่วยงานnùuai-ngaanสาธารณสุขsǎa-taa-rá-ná-sùkจัดอบรมjàt-òp-romให้ความรู้hâi-kwaam-rúuเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangโทษtôotของkɔ̌ɔngม้าmáaและlɛ́การบำบัดgaan-bam-bàtผู้เสพpûu-sèep
The community cooperated with public health agencies to provide training on the harms of meth and treatment for users.
สื่อsʉ̀ʉรายงานraai-ngaanว่าwâaขบวนการค้ายาkà-buuan-gaan-káa-yaaใช้cháiโซเชียลมีเดียsoo-chiian-mii-diiaลับlápนัดnátส่งsòngม้าmáaโดยdooiหลบเลี่ยงlòp-lîiangการตรวจgaan-dtrùuatของkɔ̌ɔngเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîi
Media reported that drug rings use covert social media channels to arrange meth deliveries, evading authorities’ checks.
7NounC1
martial arts ‘horse stance’
a wide, low training stance resembling sitting astride a horse
Examples
ครูสอนkruu sŏnให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ยืนyeunยืนyeun1[to] stand2standing; upright (posture/position)3fixed; steady; unchanged (figurative)4to be fixed; remain unchanged (figurative)ท่าtâaท่าtâa1posture; pose; stance2move; technique; style3harbor; port; pier; landing4appearance suggesting an outcome; sign5manner; way; airม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)เข่าkàoเข่าkàokneeงอngoงอngo1[to] bend; curve2[to] be bent; be curved3bent; curvedหลังlăngหลังlăng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureตรงdtrongตรงdtrong1straight (not bent)2directly; straight (direction/path)3direct; straightforward; frank4[to] be straight; align5exact; matching; correspondingแล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เกร็งgrengเกร็งgreng1[to] tense up; tighten (muscles)2tense; stiff; uptightท้องtóngท้องtóng1belly; abdomen; stomach (body part); underside (of sth)2womb; mother's belly3[to] be pregnant4expanse; interior; area (in compounds)ค้างไว้káang wáiค้างไว้káang wái1[to] leave [sth] unfinished; pending2[to] leave [sth] as is/open/onสามสิบsăam sìpสามสิบsăam sìpthirty (30)วินาทีwí-naa-teeวินาทีwí-naa-tee1second (time unit)2moment; instant
The instructor taught us to stand in the horse stance with bent knees, a straight back, and hold the core for thirty seconds.
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ผู้pûuฝึกfʉ̀kบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaท่าtâaม้าmáaช่วยchûuaiเสริมกำลังsə̌əm-gam-langขาkǎaและlɛ́สะโพกsà-pôokแต่dtɛ̀ɛต้องdtɔ̂ngระวังrá-wangอย่าyàaให้hâiเข่าkàoล้ำlámปลายเท้าbplaai-táao
The trainer said the horse stance strengthens the legs and hips, but you must be careful not to let your knees go past your toes.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaทรงตัวsong-dtuuaในnaiท่าtâaม้าmáaได้dâaiมั่นคงmân-kongแล้วlɛ́ɛoค่อยkɔ̂iผายpǎaiมือmʉʉหายใจhǎai-jaiลึกlʉ́kเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiลมหายใจlom-hǎai-jaiประคองbprà-kɔɔngน้ำหนักตัวnám-nàk-dtuua
Once you are stable in the horse stance, slowly spread your hands and breathe deeply so your breath supports your body weight.
อาจารย์aa-jaanย้ำyámว่าwâaท่าtâaม้าmáaที่ดีtêe deeไม่ใช่mâi châiการนั่งgaan nângย่อyôตื้นdtêunๆ-แต่dtàeคือkeuการฝังgaan făngเท้าtáaoลงพื้นlong péunและláeเปิดbpèrtสะโพกsà-pôhkให้hâiกว้างgwâangอย่างyàangมีสติmee sà-dtì
The teacher emphasized that a proper horse stance is not a shallow squat but planting the feet into the ground and opening the hips mindfully.
8Noun
mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)
A familiar term for one's mother used in some Sino-Thai families, especially as a form of address.
Examples
ม้าmáaม้าmáa1horse2sawhorse; trestle3chess knight4treadle; foot-operated lever5gymnastics vaulting horse; pommel horse6stimulant drug (slang)7martial arts ‘horse stance’8mum; mom (informal, Sino-Thai)วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentหนูnǔuหนูnǔu1mouse; rat2I; me (polite, childlike/feminine in Thai)3you (addressing a child/younger person)กลับบ้านglàp-bâanกลับบ้านglàp-bâan[to] go (back) home; return homeช้าcháaช้าcháa1slow2slowly3late; delayed4[to] be slow; be lateหน่อยnɔ̀iหน่อยnɔ̀i1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)นะnáนะná1softener; friendly particle2persuasive/confirming particle
Mom, I'll be home a little late today.
3 more examplesShow less
Mom, what would you like to eat? I'll buy it and bring it home for you.
ม้าmáaไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngรอrɔɔผมpǒmกินข้าวgin-kâaoนะnáวันนี้wan-níiผมpǒmมีmiiประชุมbprà-chumจนดึกjon-dʉ̀k
Mom, don't wait for me to have dinner. I'll be in a meeting until late tonight.
ม้าmáaหนูnǔuรู้rúuว่าwâaม้าmáaเป็นห่วงbpen-hùuangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangย้ายไปอยู่yáai-bpai-yùuคนเดียวkon-diiaoแต่dtɛ̀ɛหนูnǔuอยากyàakลองlɔɔngดูแลตัวเองduu-lɛɛ-dtuua-eengบ้างbâang
Mom, I know you're worried about me moving out on my own, but I'd like to try taking care of myself.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
máa
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |