ก็
gɔ̂Meanings
1AdverbA2
also; too
adds similar or additional information
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)กาแฟgaa-fɛɛกาแฟgaa-fɛɛcoffee (drink; beans; plant)แล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂แล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂1and then; after that (sequence)2and also; plus (addition)3and; so; then (continuation/filler)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)ชาchaaชาchaa1tea2numb; without sensation3[to] go numb; become numb
I like coffee, and I also like tea.
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Yesterday I went to the zoo, and today I also went to the museum.
เขาkǎoทำงานtam-ngaanเสร็จsètเร็วreoเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanก็gɔ̂ทำงานtam-ngaanเสร็จทันเวลาsèt-tan-wee-laaเหมือนกันmʉ̌ʉan-gan
He finished the work quickly, and his friend also finished on time as well.
ทีมเราtiim-raoชนะchá-náนัดnátนี้níiแฟนบอลfɛɛn-bɔnก็gɔ̂ออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaฉลองchà-lɔ̌ɔngหน้าnâaสนามsà-nǎamกันganอย่างyàangคึกคักkʉ́k-kákด้วยdûuai
Our team won this match, and the fans also came out to celebrate lively in front of the stadium.
2AdverbA2
then; so (sequence/result)
marks the next step, result, or consequence
Examples
ฝนfǒnฝนfǒn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeหยุดyùtหยุดyùt[to] stop; haltแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerออกɔ̀ɔkออกɔ̀ɔk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)ไปเดินเล่นbpai-dəən-lênไปเดินเล่นbpai-dəən-lên[to] go for a walk
The rain stopped, so I went out for a walk.
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He forgot to set the alarm, so he woke up late.
I finished my homework, then I went to help my mom cook.
เราraoออกจากบ้านɔ̀ɔk-jàak-bâanช้าcháaก็เลยgɔ̂-ləəiรถติดrót-dtìtหนักnàkจนjonไปbpaiประชุมbprà-chumไม่ทันmâi-tan
We left home late, so the traffic was very heavy and we missed the meeting.
3ConjunctionA2
conditional marker (if… then…)
used in patterns like ถ้าถ้าtâaif; in case…ก็ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption marker… to mark the apodosis ‘then’ clause
Examples
ถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseฝนตกfǒn-dtòkฝนตกfǒn-dtòkit is raining; [to] rainเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainบ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลัง
If it rains, then we stay home.
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If we are free tomorrow, then we can go to the market together.
ถ้าtâaอ่านàanคู่มือkûu-mʉʉก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเราraoก็gɔ̂ใช้งานchái-ngaanเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiได้dâaiอย่างyàangปลอดภัยbplɔ̀ɔt-pai
If we read the manual first, then we can use this machine safely.
4ParticleB1
well; after all (emphasis/justification)
a particle used to emphasize, explain, justify, or soften a statement, often left untranslated in English
Examples
ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerหนาวnǎaoหนาวnǎao1cold; chilly2[to] feel cold3cold season; winter (Thai context)นี่nîiนี่nîi1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)เสื้อกันหนาวsʉ̂ʉa-gan-nǎaoเสื้อกันหนาวsʉ̂ʉa-gan-nǎaocold-weather garment (jacket/coat/sweater)สิsìสิsì1emphatic particle (statement)2urging/encouraging particle (imperative)
Well, it’s cold, so wear a jacket.
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I’m not angry, you know; I just want us to talk nicely.
We could postpone it to tomorrow, if that’s more convenient for everyone.
เขาkǎoก็gɔ̂แค่kɛ̂ɛกังวลgang-wonน่ะnâเลยləəiพูดแรงpûut-rɛɛngไปหน่อยbpai-nɔ̀iอย่าyàaไปbpaiถือสาtʉ̌ʉ-sǎaเลยləəi
He was just worried, that’s all, so he spoke a bit harshly; don’t take it to heart.
5ParticleB2
topic/resumption marker
marks a known topic, contrast, or resumption (often unstressed in speech)
Examples
เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)รู้rúuรู้rúu1[to] know; be aware of2[to] realize; find out; learn3[to] know how; know the proper way to act4[to] feel; sense; perceiveอยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛoอยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛoalready; anyway; of courseก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)ตกใจdtòk-jaiตกใจdtòk-jaibe startled; be frightened
I already knew about this, so I’m not very surprised.
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You said you’re busy; I understand.
ผมpǒmไม่ได้mâi-dâaiว่าwâaเขาkǎoไม่mâiเก่งgèngนะnáก็gɔ̂แค่kɛ̂ɛคิดว่าkít-wâaควรkuuanให้โอกาสhâi-oo-gàatคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnบ้างbâang
I’m not saying he isn’t capable; I just think others should get a chance too.
พูดpûutก็gɔ̂พูดpûutเถอะtə̀ปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiก็gɔ̂เกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakการสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanที่tîiคลาดเคลื่อนklâat-klʉ̂ʉan
Come to think of it, this problem stems from miscommunication.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
ResultSpoken tone
Falling tone
gɔ̂
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Spelling rule: Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Spoken tone Said with a Falling tone in everyday Thai. The spelling rule would give a Low tone, but this word follows how it's actually pronounced.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
The chart shows the spelling rule. In everyday Thai, this syllable is said with a Falling tone instead.