ด้วย
dûuaiMeanings
1PrepositionA2
with; together with
Together with; accompanied by someone or something.
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastตลาดdtà-làatตลาดdtà-làat1market; marketplace2market (economic demand/sector)3popular; mainstream (colloq.)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooแม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; base
I go to the market with my mom.
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Yesterday he went to the party with his close friend.
Tomorrow, may I go upcountry with my older brother?
She usually brings her puppy to work with her every Friday.
2AdverbA2
also; too; as well
Adds someone or something to what was mentioned; also, too.
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)อยากyàakอยากyàak1[to] want; desire2to crave; to long forกินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] consume; use up4[to] corrode; erode; eat into5[to] take (a bribe); pocketขนมkà-nǒmขนมkà-nǒmsnack; sweet; dessertด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; too
I want to eat dessert too.
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If you’re going to the movies, I’ll go too.
My friend said he would help, and I will help too.
เธอtəəสมัครคอร์สภาษาsà-màk-kɔ́ɔt-paa-sǎaแล้วlɛ́ɛoฉันchǎnขอkɔ̌ɔสมัครsà-màkด้วยdûuaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaฝึกfʉ̀kพูดpûut
She enrolled in a language course, and I’ll enroll too to practice speaking.
3PrepositionB1
by; by means of; using
Indicates the means, method, or instrument used to do something.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเดินทางdəən-taangเดินทางdəən-taang[to] travel; make a journeyด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooรถไฟrót-faiรถไฟrót-fai1train2railway; rail serviceเมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháoเมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháothis morning; earlier this morning
He traveled by train this morning.
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The teacher explained the principle using easy-to-understand examples.
The technician fixed the door with a screwdriver and a hammer.
องค์กรong-gɔɔnเก็บข้อมูลgèp-kɔ̂ɔ-muunด้วยdûuaiแบบสอบถามbɛ̀ɛp-sɔ̀ɔp-tǎamออนไลน์ɔɔn-laaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaวิเคราะห์wí-krɔ́พฤติกรรมprʉ́t-dtì-gamผู้ใช้pûu-chái
The organization collected data through an online questionnaire to analyze user behavior.
4PrepositionB1
because of; due to
Introduces a cause: because of, due to, on account of.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaan[to] go to workสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7string; strap; band8lineage; affiliation; branch9classifier for rivers and streamsด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooรถติดrót-dtìtรถติดrót-dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congestedหนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
He arrived late to work due to very heavy traffic.
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The shop closed early today due to a staff shortage.
The athlete couldn't perform at full capacity because of an injury.
โครงการkroong-gaanล่าช้าlâa-cháaด้วยdûuaiปัญหาbpan-hǎaด้านdâanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanและlɛ́การอนุมัติgaan-à-nú-mát
The project was delayed due to budget and approval issues.
5ConjunctionB2
because; since (formal/literary)
Introduces a reason or cause in formal or literary style.
Examples
การประชุมgaan-bprà-chumการประชุมgaan-bprà-chum1meeting; conference; assembly2session/sitting (of a formal body)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)เลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉan1[to] slide; move along; move (something) smoothly2[to] scroll3[to] shift; move (time/place)4[to] postpone; delay5[to] be promoted; advanceด้วยเหตุที่dûuai-hèet-tîiด้วยเหตุที่dûuai-hèet-tîibecause; sinceผู้บรรยายpûu-ban-yaaiผู้บรรยายpûu-ban-yaai1narrator; commentator; voice-over artist2lecturer; speakerหลักlàkหลักlàk1main; principal; primary2principle; basis; foundation3post; pillar; stake4classifier: posts; stakes; digit positionsติดdtìtติดdtìt1[to] stick; attach; fasten2[to] be stuck; be attached; adhere3[to] catch; pick up (disease/odor/habit)4addicted to; hooked on; attached to5close to; adjacent; touching; contiguous6owing; indebted; behind on payments7busy; occupied; tied up8[to] catch fire; light; start; come on9[to] follow closely; keep close toภารกิจpaa-rá-gìtภารกิจpaa-rá-gìtmission; task; assignmentกะทันหันgà-tan-hǎnกะทันหันgà-tan-hǎn1sudden; abrupt2suddenly; abruptly
The meeting was postponed due to the main speaker having a sudden engagement.
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The research was delayed due to budget constraints.
โครงการkroong-gaanถูกtùukยุติyú-dtìด้วยdûuaiสถานการณ์ทางการเมืองsà-tǎa-ná-gaan-taang-gaan-mʉʉangที่tîiไม่แน่นอนmâi-nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn
The project was terminated owing to the uncertain political situation.
มีmiiการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiครั้งนี้kráng-níiด้วยdûuaiความจำเป็นkwaam-jam-bpenทางtaangยุทธศาสตร์yút-tá-sàatของkɔ̌ɔngองค์กรong-gɔɔn
This decision was made owing to the organization’s strategic necessity.
6ParticleB2
request particle; please; too
A particle used with requests or appeals to ask for help, cooperation, or inclusion; common in both speech and writing.
Examples
กรุณาgà-rú-naaกรุณาgà-rú-naa1please (polite/formal request)2kindness; benevolence3kind; benevolentแนบnɛ̂ɛpแนบnɛ̂ɛp1[to] attach; enclose2[to] press close; hold closeสำเนาsǎm-naoสำเนาsǎm-nao1copy; duplicate2[to] copy; duplicateบัตรประชาชนbàt-bprà-chaa-chonบัตรประชาชนbàt-bprà-chaa-chonnational ID card; citizen ID cardมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; too
Please attach a copy of your ID card.
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Please sign this form.
Kindly ensure the information is correct.
เชิญchəənปฏิบัติตามbpà-dtì-bàt-dtaamมาตรการความปลอดภัยmâat-dtrà-gaan-kwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiอย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krátด้วยdûuai
Please strictly follow the safety measures.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dûuai
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |