จน
jonMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
poor
having little or no money; not rich
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockเงินngənเงินngən1money2funds; finances3silver (metal)ซื้อsʉ́ʉซื้อsʉ́ʉ1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offข้าวkâaoข้าวkâao1rice (cooked)2rice (grain/uncooked)3meal; food (general)4rice plant; paddy
He is very poor and has no money to buy rice.
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My family used to be poor, so we saved on everything.
At that time my parents were poor and had to borrow money from relatives.
2PrepositionA2
until; up to
up to a certain time, point, extent, or condition
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ทำงานtam-ngaanทำงานtam-ngaan1[to] work; do one's job; be on duty2[to] function; operateจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเย็นyenเย็นyen1cool; chilly2evening (late afternoon to dusk)3cool (personality); calm4[to] be cool; become cool
I work until evening.
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Yesterday I read until late at night.
The traffic was heavy up to the bridge, then it eased.
He trained running every day until he hit his target time.
3ConjunctionB1
so ... that; to the point of
introduces a result or extent (e.g., so tired that..., to the extent that...)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillวิ่งwîngวิ่งwîng1[to] run2[to] run (operate; be in service)3[to] flow; courseนานnaanนานnaan1for a long time2long (in duration)จนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเหงื่อngʉ̀ʉaเหงื่อngʉ̀ʉa1sweat; perspiration2hard work; sweat (effort)ท่วมtûuamท่วมtûuam1to flood; inundate2flooded; inundated3to overwhelm; be swampedตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figure
He ran so long that he was drenched in sweat.
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I read all night to the extent that my eyes were dry and I felt dizzy.
Our team made mistakes so often that we lost confidence.
งานngaanสะสมsà-sŏmมากขึ้นmâak kêunเรื่อยrêuuaiๆ-จนjonต้องdtôngเลื่อนlêuuanกำหนดส่งgam-nòt sòngออกไปòk bpai
The work piled up to the point that we had to postpone the deadline.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jon
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |