เข็ม
kěmMeanings
1NounA2
needle; pin
a thin, sharp piece of metal used for sewing or fastening
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderเข็มkěmเข็มkěm1needle; pin2syringe needle3hand (of a clock); pointer4compass needle5ixoraเย็บyépเย็บyép1[to] sew; stitch2[to] suture (medical)กระดุมgrà-dumกระดุมgrà-dumbutton (fastener)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)
Mom used a needle to sew a button for me.
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ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเย็บผ้าyép-pâaเราraoควรkuuanร้อยด้ายrɔ́ɔi-dâaiเข้าที่kâo-tîiรูruuของkɔ̌ɔngเข็มkěmให้hâiแน่นnɛ̂n
Before sewing, we should thread the needle's eye securely.
เข็มkěmชุดchútนี้níiปลายbplaaiคมkomมากmâakเย็บผ้าyép-pâaหนาnǎaได้ดีdâai-diiแต่dtɛ̀ɛต้องdtɔ̂ngระวังrá-wangนิ้วมือníu-mʉʉ
The needles in this set are very sharp; they sew thick fabric well but you must watch your fingers.
2NounB1
syringe needle
a hollow, sharp needle used with a syringe to inject or draw fluids
Examples
พยาบาลpá-yaa-baanพยาบาลpá-yaa-baan1nurse2[to] nurse; [to] care forเปลี่ยนbplìianเปลี่ยนbplìian1[to] change; become different2[to] switch; replace; exchangeเข็มใหม่kěm-màiเข็มใหม่kěm-mài1new needle/pin (unused)2new syringe needle3new compass needleก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerฉีดยาchìit-yaaฉีดยาchìit-yaa1[to] give an injection; [to] get a shot2[to] spray medicine/chemicalsทุกครั้งtúk-krángทุกครั้งtúk-krángevery time; each time
The nurse changes to a new needle before every injection.
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หมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaเข็มkěmฉีดยาchìit-yaaนี้níiเป็นbpenแบบbɛ̀ɛpใช้cháiครั้งเดียวkráng-diiaoแล้วlɛ́ɛoทิ้งtíngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai
The doctor said this syringe needle is single-use for safety.
เขาkǎoกลัวgluuaเข็มkěmมากmâakแต่dtɛ̀ɛยอมให้yɔɔm-hâiพยาบาลpá-yaa-baanแทงtɛɛngเข็มkěmเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเจาะjɔ̀เลือดlʉ̂ʉatตรวจสุขภาพdtrùuat-sùk-kà-pâap
He is very afraid of needles, but he allowed the nurse to insert a needle to draw blood for a checkup.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnฉีดวัคซีนchìit-wák-siinพยาบาลpá-yaa-baanไล่อากาศlâi-aa-gàatออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakกระบอกgrà-bɔ̀ɔkแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngต่อdtɔ̀ɔเข็มkěmปลอดเชื้อbplɔ̀ɔt-chʉ́ʉaเข้ากับkâo-gàpไซริงก์sai-ringอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wang
Before administering the vaccine, the nurse expelled air from the barrel and then carefully attached a sterile needle to the syringe.
3NounB1
hand (of a clock); pointer
a narrow indicator on a clock, meter, or gauge that shows a value or time
Examples
เข็มkěmเข็มkěm1needle; pin2syringe needle3hand (of a clock); pointer4compass needle5ixoraนาฬิกาnaa-lí-gaaนาฬิกาnaa-lí-gaa1clock; watch2o'clock; time of day3classifier: เรือนชี้chíiชี้chíi1[to] point (at)2[to] indicate; show3[to] point out; highlight4[to] designate; specifyที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเลขlêekเลขlêek1number; numeral; digit2math; arithmetic (subject)3lottery numberหกhòkหกhòk1six (6)2[to] spillแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâaแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâa1[to] mean (of a word/symbol); signify2[to] translate as3that means; which means; in other wordsเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)หกhòkหกhòk1six (6)2[to] spillโมงmoongโมงmoong1o’clock (daytime hours)2classifier: hours (telling time)
The clock hand points to six, meaning it's six o'clock.
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ผมpǒmดูduuเข็มkěmวัดความดันwát-kwaam-danขึ้นkʉ̂nสูงsǔungกว่าปกติgwàa-bpòk-gà-dtìเลยləəiรีบrîipปรับbpràpเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉang
I saw the pressure gauge needle go higher than normal, so I quickly adjusted the machine.
เข็มkěmมาตรวัดmâat-wátน้ำมันnám-manใกล้glâiแตะdtɛ̀ขีดkìitแดงdɛɛngเราraoควรkuuanแวะwɛ́ปั๊มbpámทันทีtan-tii
The fuel gauge needle is near the red line; we should stop at a gas station immediately.
พอpɔɔเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangทำงานtam-ngaanเต็มกำลังdtem-gam-langเข็มkěmแอมป์ɛɛmสวิงsà-wǐngไปมาbpai-maaบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiรู้rúuว่าwâaมีmiiกระแสไฟgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-faiเปลี่ยนแปลงbplìian-bplɛɛng
When the machine runs at full capacity, the ammeter needle swings, indicating changing current.
4NounB1
compass needle
the magnetized pointer in a compass that indicates direction
Examples
เข็มkěmเข็มkěm1needle; pin2syringe needle3hand (of a clock); pointer4compass needle5ixoraในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)เข็มทิศkěm-títเข็มทิศkěm-títcompass (navigation tool)ชี้chíiชี้chíi1[to] point (at)2[to] indicate; show3[to] point out; highlight4[to] designate; specifyไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastทางเหนือtaang-nʉ̌ʉaทางเหนือtaang-nʉ̌ʉa1the North; the northern region2in/to the north; up northทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)หาhǎaหาhǎa1[to] look for; search for2[to] find (after searching)3[to] get; procure4[to] earn (money); make a living5[to] visit; go see6[to] seek out; contactทิศtítทิศtítdirection; compass pointได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
The needle in the compass points north, helping us find direction.
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พอpɔɔเดินเข้าdəən-kâoป่าbpàaเข็มkěmของkɔ̌ɔngเข็มทิศkěm-títเริ่มrə̂əmนิ่งnîngจึงjʉngรู้rúuว่าwâaทางนี้taang-níiถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ng
Once we entered the forest, the compass needle stabilized, so we knew this was the right way.
เข็มkěmในnaiเข็มทิศkěm-títแกว่งgwɛ̀ɛngเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàชี้chíiคงที่kong-tîiไปbpaiทางtaangตะวันออกdtà-wan-ɔ̀ɔk
The compass needle wobbled slightly before settling steadily toward the east.
ถ้าtâaอยู่yùuใกล้glâiโลหะloo-hàแม่เหล็กmɛ̂ɛ-lèkเข็มkěmของkɔ̌ɔngเข็มทิศkěm-títอาจàatเบี่ยงเบนbìiang-beenทำให้tam-hâiการระบุgaan-rá-bùทิศทางtít-taangคลาดเคลื่อนklâat-klʉ̂ʉan
If near magnetic metal, the compass needle can deviate, causing directional readings to be inaccurate.
5NounB2
ixora
a tropical shrub of the genus Ixora, grown for its dense clusters of small, tubular flowers
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)เข็มkěmเข็มkěm1needle; pin2syringe needle3hand (of a clock); pointer4compass needle5ixoraไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)ริมrimริมrim1edge; rim; border2outermost; at the edgeรั้วrúuaรั้วrúua1fence; enclosure2railings; barrierพอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenออกดอกɔ̀ɔk-dɔ̀ɔkออกดอกɔ̀ɔk-dɔ̀ɔk[to] bloom; [to] flowerสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛng1the color red2red; red-coloredเป็นช่อbpen-chɔ̂ɔเป็นช่อbpen-chɔ̂ɔin a bunch; in a clusterก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneสวยมากsǔuai-mâakสวยมากsǔuai-mâakvery beautiful; gorgeous
Mom planted ixora along the fence, and it looks beautiful when its clusters of red flowers bloom.
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ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnวันwanไหว้ครูwâi-kruuเด็กdèkช่วยกันchûuai-ganเก็บgèpดอกdɔ̀ɔkเข็มkěmไปbpaiจัดพานjàt-paanที่tîiโรงเรียนroong-riian
Before the teacher appreciation ceremony, the children helped gather ixora flowers to arrange on ceremonial trays at school.
ถ้าtâaอยากyàakให้hâiต้นdtônเข็มkěmเป็นbpenพุ่มpûmแน่นnɛ̂nควรkuuanตัดแต่งกิ่งdtàt-dtɛ̀ng-gìngเป็นระยะbpen-rá-yáและlɛ́ปลูกbplùukในnaiบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenที่tîiได้รับdâi-rápแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔ
If you want your ixora to grow into a dense bush, prune it regularly and plant it where it gets enough sunlight.
ดอกdɔ̀ɔkเข็มkěmแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láดอกdɔ̀ɔkมีmiiกลีบดอกglìip-dɔ̀ɔkเชื่อมกันchʉ̂ʉam-ganเป็นbpenหลอดlɔ̀ɔtเล็กlékที่tîiโคนkoonและlɛ́ดอกdɔ̀ɔkจะjàออกɔ̀ɔkเป็นช่อbpen-chɔ̂ɔแน่นnɛ̂nจึงjʉngมองเห็นmɔɔng-hěnสีสันsǐi-sǎnได้dâaiชัดchátแม้mɛ́ɛอยู่yùuไกลglai
Each ixora flower has petals fused at the base into a small tube, and the flowers grow in dense clusters, making their colors stand out even from a distance.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
kěm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |