หนัก
nàkMeanings
1AdjectiveA1
heavy (weight)
Having a lot of weight; difficult to lift or carry.
Examples
กระเป๋าgrà-bpǎoกระเป๋าgrà-bpǎo1bag; handbag; purse2pocket3wallet4classifier: ใบใบbaiใบbai1leaf2sheet; slip; card; ticket; bill; receipt3classifier for leaves, paper items, containers, and certain other objects4license; permit; certificate5bladeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)หนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)
This bag is heavy.
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That stone table is very heavy; it takes two people to lift.
The old bicycle is heavier and hard to control when going uphill.
2AdjectiveA2
serious; severe
Serious in degree or intensity (e.g., severe illness, heavy damage, grave situation).
Examples
อาการaa-gaanอาการaa-gaan1symptom2state; condition3manner; comportmentของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsเข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3in; inward4[to] understand5[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)6[to] fit; suit; match7rice (archaic; dialectal)8[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)ขั้นkânขั้นkân1step; stair2stage; level; phase3classifier: steps/levels/stages4rank; grade; tierหนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)
His condition is in a serious stage.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanหมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaโรคrôokของkɔ̌ɔngยายyaaiค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangหนักnàkต้องdtɔ̂ngเฝ้าดูfâo-duuอาการaa-gaanใกล้ชิดglâi-chít
Yesterday the doctor said Grandma’s illness is quite severe and needs close monitoring.
หลังlǎngเกิดอุบัติเหตุgə̀ət-ù-bàt-dtì-hèetถนนtà-nǒnเสียหายsǐia-hǎaiหนักnàkต้องdtɔ̂ngปิดbpìtซ่อมsɔ̂mนานnaanหลายlǎaiวันwan
After the accident, the road was severely damaged and had to be closed for repairs for many days.
ตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanน้ำท่วมnáam-tûuamในnaiจังหวัดjang-wàtเริ่มrə̂əmหนักnàkทางการtaang-gaanจึงjʉngประกาศbprà-gàatพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiภัยพิบัติpai-pí-bàtและlɛ́อพยพòp-pá-yópชาวบ้านchaao-bâanบางส่วนbaang-sùuan
The flood situation in the province is becoming severe, so the authorities have declared a disaster area and evacuated some residents.
3AdverbA2
heavily; severely; intensely
To a great extent or degree (e.g., rain heavily, be punished severely, study intensely).
Examples
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During exams I study intensely every night.
The teacher ordered intensive pronunciation practice before the big performance.
4AdjectiveB1
difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)
Hard to deal with or very demanding in effort or impact (e.g., tough class, demanding workload, heavy topic).
Examples
วิชานี้wí-chaa-níiวิชานี้wí-chaa-níithis subject; this courseการบ้านgaan-bâanการบ้านgaan-bâan1homework; school assignment2housework (colloq.)หนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeทุกtúkทุกtúk1every; each2every (interval/frequency)สัปดาห์sàp-daaสัปดาห์sàp-daa1week2classifier: weeks
This class has a heavy workload; homework must be done every week.
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ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiงานngaanที่tîiออฟฟิศɔ́ɔp-fítหนักnàkมากmâakจนjonฉันchǎnแทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่มีmâi-miiเวลาwee-laaไปไหนbpai-nǎi
Work at the office is very demanding lately, to the point that I hardly have time to go anywhere.
เนื้อหาnʉ́ʉa-hǎaการอบรมgaan-òp-romวันนี้wan-níiหนักnàkพอสมควรpɔɔ-sǒm-kuuanต้องdtɔ̂ngตั้งใจdtâng-jaiฟังfangและlɛ́จดบันทึกjòt-ban-tʉ́kละเอียดlá-ìiat
Today's training content is quite heavy; you need to pay attention and take detailed notes.
หัวข้อวิจัยhǔua-kɔ̂ɔ-wí-jaiนี้níiหนักnàkทั้งtángด้านdâanทฤษฎีtrít-sà-diiและlɛ́การเก็บข้อมูลgaan-gèp-kɔ̂ɔ-muunภาคสนามpâak-sà-nǎamผู้ทำpûu-tamต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-miiวินัยwí-naiและlɛ́ความอดทนkwaam-òt-tonสูงsǔung
This research topic is demanding in both theory and field data collection; the researcher must have strong discipline and endurance.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before น puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
nàk
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |