สวน
sǔuanMeanings
1NounA2
garden; orchard; park
An area of land for growing plants, flowers, or trees; can also refer to an orchard or a public park depending on context.
Examples
บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสวนsŭuanสวนsŭuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)เล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightๆ-ปลูกbplòokปลูกbplòok1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ดอกไม้dòk máaiดอกไม้dòk máaiflower; flowersกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ผักpàkผักpàkvegetable(s)อยู่yòoอยู่yòo1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remain
My house has a small garden where we grow flowers and vegetables.
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Yesterday we went for a walk at the public park near home.
พ่อpɔ̂ɔพาpaaฉันchǎnไปbpaiสวนผลไม้sǔuan-pǒn-lá-máaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเก็บgèpมะม่วงmá-mûuangกับgàpชมพู่chom-pûu
Dad took me to the orchard to pick mangoes and rose apples.
เช้าcháoวันหยุดwan-yùtฉันchǎnมักmákไปbpaiรดน้ำrót-náamต้นไม้dtôn-máaiในnaiสวนหลังบ้านsǔuan-lǎng-bâanแล้วlɛ́ɛoค่อยไปkɔ̂i-bpaiวิ่งwîngต่อdtɔ̀ɔในnaiสวนสาธารณะsǔuan-sǎa-taa-rá-ná
On weekend mornings I usually water the plants in the backyard garden, then go for a run in the public park.
2ClassifierB1
classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations
A classifier used for gardens, orchards, plantations, and similar cultivated plots of land.
Examples
ที่บ้านtîi-bâanที่บ้านtîi-bâan1at home; at one’s residence2one’s family; people at homeฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)ลำไยlam-yaiลำไยlam-yai1longan (fruit)2longan tree3annoyed; irritating (slang)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondสวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)มะม่วงmá-mûuangมะม่วงmá-mûuang1mango (fruit)2mango treeหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostสวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)
My family has two longan orchards and one mango orchard.
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My uncle is hired to take care of three rubber plantations in a nearby district.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtลงทุนlong-tunซื้อsʉ́ʉสวนทุเรียนsǔuan-tú-riianห้าhâaสวนsǔuanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกระจายความเสี่ยงgrà-jaai-kwaam-sìiangด้านdâanผลผลิตpǒn-pà-lìt
The company invested in purchasing five durian orchards to diversify production risk.
เกษตรกรgà-sèet-dtà-gɔɔnรายนี้raai-níiบริหารbɔɔ-rí-hǎanสวนกาแฟsǔuan-gaa-fɛɛหลายlǎaiสวนsǔuanบนbonภูเขาpuu-kǎoโดยdooiปรับbpràpวิธีwí-tiiปลูกbplùukให้hâiเหมาะกับmɔ̀-gàpความสูงkwaam-sǔungและlɛ́สภาพอากาศsà-pâap-aa-gàatต่างกันdtàang-gan
This farmer manages several coffee plantations in the mountains, adapting cultivation methods to different altitudes and climates.
3VerbB2
[to] oppose; contradict; go against
To act, speak, or move in opposition to something; to contradict or run counter to.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutสวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)กับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ข้อเท็จจริงkɔ̂ɔ-tét-jingข้อเท็จจริงkɔ̂ɔ-tét-jing1fact; objective truth2facts of the case; findingsทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chum1meeting; conference (event)2meeting venue/room3the assembly; the bodyเงียบngîiapเงียบngîiap1quiet; silent2quiet (place/time)3[to] be quiet; fall silent4[to] go silent; stop respondingไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastชั่วขณะchûua-kà-nàชั่วขณะchûua-kà-nà1a moment; a short while2[for] a moment
He spoke in contradiction to the facts, making the meeting fall silent for a moment.
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นโยบายná-yoo-baaiใหม่màiสวนsǔuanกับgàpความต้องการkwaam-dtɔ̂ng-gaanของkɔ̌ɔngชุมชนchum-chonจึงjʉngเกิดgə̀ətเสียงsǐiangคัดค้านkát-káanมากmâak
The new policy runs counter to the community's needs, so there was a lot of opposition.
คำให้การของพยานkam-hâi-gaan-kɔ̌ɔng-pá-yaanสวนsǔuanกับgàpหลักฐานlàk-tǎanเอกสารèek-gà-sǎanจนjonศาลsǎanต้องdtɔ̂ngขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiชี้แจงchíi-jɛɛngเพิ่มเติมpə̂əm-dtəəm
The witness’s testimony contradicted the documentary evidence, so the court requested further clarification.
วิธีwí-tiiบริหารbɔɔ-rí-hǎanแบบรวมศูนย์bɛ̀ɛp-ruuam-sǔunสวนsǔuanกับgàpวัฒนธรรมองค์กรwát-tá-ná-tam-ong-gɔɔnที่tîiเน้นnénการกระจายอำนาจgaan-grà-jaai-am-nâatอย่างชัดเจนyàang-chát-jeen
The centralized management approach clearly runs counter to the organization’s culture of decentralization.
4VerbB2
[to] move against; counter (direction)
To move in the opposite direction of something (e.g., traffic, current).
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillขี่จักรยานkìi-jàk-grà-yaanขี่จักรยานkìi-jàk-grà-yaan[to] ride a bicycleสวนกระแสsǔuan-grà-sɛ̌ɛสวนกระแสsǔuan-grà-sɛ̌ɛ[to] go against the trendรถrótรถrót1vehicle (general)2car; automobileเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔi1a little; slightly2minor; slight; trivial3a small amountเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofเลี่ยงlîiangเลี่ยงlîiang1[to] avoid; dodge2[to] avoid; go around (detour)3[to] evade (rules/responsibility)หลุมlǔmหลุมlǔm1hole; pit2dent; depression3socket; socket-like cavity4grave pit
He rode his bicycle slightly against the flow of traffic to avoid a pothole.
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The fishing boat went against strong waves, splashing water into the boat.
นักวิ่งnák-wîngบางคนbaang-konวิ่งwîngสวนsǔuanทิศทางtít-taangในnaiสนามsà-nǎamทำให้tam-hâiกรรมการgam-má-gaanต้องdtɔ̂ngหยุดyùtการแข่งขันgaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎnชั่วคราวchûua-kraao
Some runners ran in the opposite direction on the track, causing officials to pause the race.
ฝูงชนfǔung-chonพยายามpá-yaa-yaamเดินdəənสวนsǔuanทิศทางtít-taangทางออกtaang-ɔ̀ɔkทำให้tam-hâiการอพยพgaan-òp-pá-yópติดขัดdtìt-kàt
The crowd tried to walk against the direction of the exit, causing the evacuation to bottleneck.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǔuan
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |