คุม
kumMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] control; oversee; supervise
to direct or manage a person, group, or process so that it follows rules or plans; to keep under control
Examples
หัวหน้าhǔua-nâaหัวหน้าhǔua-nâa1boss; supervisor2leader; chiefคุมkumคุมkum1[to] control; oversee; supervise2[to] restrain; keep in check3[to] guard; keep in custodyทีมtiimทีมtiimteam; groupให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ทำตามแผนtam-dtaam-pɛ̌ɛnทำตามแผนtam-dtaam-pɛ̌ɛn[to] follow a planงานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)อย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krátอย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krátstrictly; rigorously; stringently
The supervisor directs the team to follow the plan strictly.
3 more examplesShow less
ครูkruuพยายามpá-yaa-yaamคุมkumชั้นเรียนchán-riianไม่ให้mâi-hâiวุ่นวายwûn-waaiระหว่างrá-wàangการgaanทำกิจกรรมtam-gìt-jà-gamกลุ่มglùm
The teacher tries to keep the class under control during group activities.
ผู้จัดการฝ่ายpûu-jàt-gaan-fàaiผลิตpà-lìtคุมkumกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanให้hâiเป็นไปตามbpen-bpai-dtaamมาตรฐานความปลอดภัยmâat-dtrà-tǎan-kwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai
The production manager oversees the process to comply with safety standards.
ผู้อำนวยการpûu-am-nuuai-gaanต้องdtɔ̂ngคุมkumโครงการขนาดใหญ่kroong-gaan-kà-nàat-yàiให้hâiเดินตามdəən-dtaamกรอบgrɔ̀ɔpงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanและlɛ́กำหนดเวลาgam-nòt-wee-laa
The director must manage the large project to stay within budget and timeline.
2VerbB2
[to] restrain; keep in check
to hold back or limit an action, feeling, or condition from becoming excessive
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herพยายามpá-yaa-yaamพยายามpá-yaa-yaam[to] try; attemptคุมkumคุมkum1[to] control; oversee; supervise2[to] restrain; keep in check3[to] guard; keep in custodyอารมณ์aa-romอารมณ์aa-rom1mood; feeling2emotion; feeling3temper; disposition4artistic mood; tone5sexual mood; libido (colloq.)ไม่ให้mâi-hâiไม่ให้mâi-hâi1[to] not give; withhold; refuse to give2[to] not allow; not let; forbid3so that not; in order to preventเผลอplə̌əเผลอplə̌ə1careless; inadvertent; off-guard2[to] do unintentionally; be off-guard and [to] let slip3by accident; inadvertently; without noticingไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastเถียงtǐiangเถียงtǐiang[to] argue; [to] talk backกลับglàpกลับglàp1[to] return; go/come back2[to] turn over/flip/reverse3back; in return4contrary; on the contrary
She tried to control her emotions so she wouldn’t snap back.
3 more examplesShow less
The doctor told me to control my diet to reduce blood sugar.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanประกาศbprà-gàatคุมkumราคาสินค้าraa-kaa-sǐn-káaจำเป็นjam-bpenไม่ให้mâi-hâiพุ่งpûngเกินgəənเหตุhèet
The government announced measures to curb the prices of essential goods from soaring excessively.
เขาkǎoพยายามpá-yaa-yaamคุมkumความคาดหวังkwaam-kâat-wǎngของkɔ̌ɔngทีมtiimเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiกดดันgòt-danกันganเกินไปgəən-bpai
He tried to rein in the team’s expectations so they wouldn’t be overly pressured.
3VerbB2
[to] guard; keep in custody
to hold someone under guard or keep them detained; to take into custody
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerคุมkumคุมkum1[to] control; oversee; supervise2[to] restrain; keep in check3[to] guard; keep in custodyตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureผู้ต้องสงสัยpûu-dtɔ̂ng-sǒng-sǎiผู้ต้องสงสัยpûu-dtɔ̂ng-sǒng-sǎisuspect; person under suspicionไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastสอบสวนsɔ̀ɔp-sǔuanสอบสวนsɔ̀ɔp-sǔuan1[to] investigate (formally)2[to] interrogateที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสถานีsà-tǎa-niiสถานีsà-tǎa-nii1transport station2broadcasting station3service station/base
The police took the suspect into custody for questioning at the station.
3 more examplesShow less
Officials detained the perpetrator in a temporary cell.
หลังlǎngศาลsǎanอนุมัติà-nú-mátหมายmǎaiจับjàpเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiรีบrîipนำnamกำลังเข้าgam-lang-kâoคุมkumตัวdtuuaผู้ต้องหาpûu-dtɔ̂ng-hǎaโดยdooiไม่ให้mâi-hâiหลบหนีlòp-nǐi
After the court approved the arrest warrant, officers swiftly took the suspect into custody to prevent escape.
ทหารtá-hǎanคุมkumผู้บุกรุกpûu-bùk-rúkบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenเขตหวงห้ามkèet-hǔuang-hâamและlɛ́ส่งต่อsòng-dtɔ̀ɔให้hâiพนักงานสอบสวนpá-nák-ngaan-sɔ̀ɔp-sǔuanตามdtaamขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔn
Soldiers detained the intruders in the restricted area and handed them over to investigators according to procedure.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |