ต้อง
dtɔ̂ngMeanings
1VerbA2
must; have to
to be necessary, required, or obligatory to do
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)ตอนเช้าdtɔɔn-cháoตอนเช้าdtɔɔn-cháo1morning (time period)2in the morning
I have to go to school in the morning.
3 more examplesShow less
She must submit the work tomorrow before noon.
ถ้าtâaจะjàขึ้นเครื่องkʉ̂n-krʉ̂ʉangเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngมาถึงmaa-tʉ̌ngสนามบินsà-nǎam-binก่อนgɔ̀ɔnสองsɔ̌ɔngชั่วโมงchûua-moong
If we are going to fly, we need to arrive at the airport two hours early.
นักเรียนnák-riianต้องdtɔ̂ngใส่sàiเครื่องแบบkrʉ̂ʉang-bɛ̀ɛpในnaiวันจันทร์wan-janและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngมาตรงเวลาmaa-dtrong-wee-laa
Students are required to wear uniforms on Monday and must arrive on time.
2VerbB1
must; bound to
expresses a strong expectation or logical inference that something is or will be the case
Examples
คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerลืมleuumลืมleuum1[to] forget2[to] leave behind (by forgetting)3forget to; omit unintentionallyกุญแจgun-jaeกุญแจgun-jae1key (for a lock)2key; crucial factor3answer key; key (solutions)4clef (music)ต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toอยู่yòoอยู่yòo1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainข้างนอกkâang nôkข้างนอกkâang nôk1outside; outdoors2the outside; exteriorแน่nâeแน่nâe1certain; definite2surely; certainly; for sureๆ-
The person who forgot the keys must be outside.
3 more examplesShow less
Seeing the shoes this wet, he must have walked in the rain.
ถ้าtâaไฟfaiในnaiห้องhɔ̂ngเปิดbpə̀ətอยู่yùuแสดงว่าsà-dɛɛng-wâaมีmiiคนkonอยู่yùuเขาkǎoต้องdtɔ̂ngยังyangไม่mâiกลับบ้านglàp-bâan
If the light in the room is on, it means someone is there; they must not have gone home yet.
ดูduuจากjàakยอดจองyɔ̂ɔt-jɔɔngแล้วlɛ́ɛoงานคอนเสิร์ตngaan-kɔɔn-sə̀ətคืนนี้kʉʉn-níiต้องdtɔ̂ngเต็มทุกที่นั่งdtem-túk-tîi-nâng
Judging from the bookings, tonight’s concert must be sold out.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dtɔ̂ng
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |