หนา
nǎaMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
thick (not thin)
having a large distance between two opposite surfaces; not thin
Examples
หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ1book (printed work)2document; letterเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)หนาnǎaหนาnǎa1thick (not thin)2dense; in large quantity3thickly; denselyมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
This book is very thick.
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Yesterday I bought a thicker mosquito net to keep mosquitoes out.
เสื้อsʉ̂ʉaโค้ตkóotตัวdtuuaนี้níiทำจากtam-jàakผ้าpâaที่tîiหนาnǎaมากmâakเหมาะกับmɔ̀-gàpหน้าหนาวnâa-nǎao
This coat is made from very thick fabric, suitable for winter.
ช่างchângแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiใช้cháiกระจกgrà-jòkที่tîiหนาnǎaกว่าgwàaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiและกันlɛ́-ganเสียงsǐiang
The technician recommended using thicker glass for safety and soundproofing.
2AdjectiveB1
dense; in large quantity
present in large amounts or packed closely together (e.g., hair, fog, crowd, vegetation)
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentหมอกmɔ̀ɔkหมอกmɔ̀ɔkfog; mistหนาnǎaหนาnǎa1thick (not thin)2dense; in large quantity3thickly; denselyมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerถนนtà-nǒnถนนtà-nǒnroad; streetไม่ชัดmâi-chátไม่ชัดmâi-chát1unclear; indistinct2unclearly; indistinctly
The fog is thick today; the road is hard to see.
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The forest at the foothill is very dense; walking in is difficult.
คนkonในnaiงานคอนเสิร์ตngaan-kɔɔn-sə̀ətเบียดกันbìiat-ganแน่นหนาnɛ̂n-nǎaทางเดินtaang-dəənแทบtɛ̂ɛpขยับkà-yàpไม่ได้mâi-dâai
The crowd at the concert was packed tightly, and the walkway was barely movable.
เช้านี้cháao-níiควันkwanหนาnǎaจนjonกลิ่นglìnชัดchátต้องdtɔ̂ngใส่หน้ากากsài-nâa-gàakก่อนgɔ̀ɔnออกจากบ้านɔ̀ɔk-jàak-bâan
This morning the smog was so thick that the smell was strong; I had to wear a mask before leaving home.
3AdverbB1
thickly; densely
in a way that is thick or dense
Examples
เช้านี้cháao-níiเช้านี้cháao-níithis morningหมอกmɔ̀ɔkหมอกmɔ̀ɔkfog; mistลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alightหนาnǎaหนาnǎa1thick (not thin)2dense; in large quantity3thickly; denselyมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerถนนtà-nǒnถนนtà-nǒnroad; streetไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)เห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard as
This morning the fog was thick; you could barely see the road.
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ป้าbpâaทาแป้งtaa-bpɛ̂ɛngบนbonหน้าnâaค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangหนาnǎaเพราะprɔ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngขึ้นkʉ̂nเวทีwee-tiiแสดงsà-dɛɛng
Auntie put on makeup quite thickly because she had to go on stage.
เชฟchéepราดrâatซอสsɔ́ɔtหนาnǎaเกินไปgəən-bpaiทำให้tam-hâiรสชาติrót-châatของkɔ̌ɔngเนื้อnʉ́ʉaถูกtùukกลบglòp
The chef poured the sauce too thickly, which masked the taste of the meat.
เขียนkǐianสีsǐiแบบนี้bɛ̀ɛp-níiต้องdtɔ̂ngปาดbpàatให้hâiบางลงbaang-longไม่อย่างนั้นmâi-yàang-nánชั้นchánสีsǐiจะjàทับกันtáp-ganหนาnǎaเกินgəənและlɛ́แห้งhɛ̂ɛngช้าcháa
When painting like this, you need to apply it more thinly; otherwise the layers will pile up too thick and dry slowly.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before น puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
nǎa
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |