รูป
rûupMeanings
1NounA1
picture; photo; image
a visual representation such as a picture, photograph, or image
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)ดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneรูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)อัลบั้มal-bâmอัลบั้มal-bâm1music album2photo/stamp albumเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdated
I like looking at pictures in old albums.
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This is a picture of my family.
He took landscape photos and posted them online.
Please provide a photo of your ID card for verification.
2NounA2
shape; form; figure
the external shape or form of something; the way something appears
Examples
ขนมปังkà-nǒm-bpangขนมปังkà-nǒm-bpangbreadก้อนgɔ̂ɔnก้อนgɔ̂ɔn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoรูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formกลมglomกลมglom1round; circular2well-rounded; balanced (flavor/sound)3round (of a number)
This loaf of bread has a round shape.
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The sculptor is pressing the clay into the intended form.
เรือrʉʉaรุ่นใหม่rûn-màiถูกtùukออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpให้hâiมีmiiรูปrûupเพรียวpriiaoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดแรงlót-rɛɛngต้านน้ำdtâan-náam
The new model of boat is designed to have a sleek shape to reduce water resistance.
นโยบายná-yoo-baaiถูกtùukตีdtiiความต่างkwaam-dtàangกันganเพราะprɔ́ตัวบทdtuua-bòtมีmiiรูปrûupคลุมเครือklum-krʉʉa
The policy is interpreted differently because its wording takes an ambiguous form.
3NounB1
physique; body shape
a person’s physique or body shape
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillออกกำลังกายòk gam-lang gaaiออกกำลังกายòk gam-lang gaai[to] exercise; work outทุกวันtúk wanทุกวันtúk wan1every day; daily2daily; occurring every dayจนมีjon meeรูปดีrôop deeรูปดีrôop dee1good-looking; handsome; pretty; well-proportioned2well-shaped; well-formed
He exercises every day until he has a good physique.
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นักกีฬาnák-gii-laaคนนี้kon-níiรักษาrák-sǎaรูปrûupให้hâiพร้อมprɔ́ɔmสำหรับsǎm-ràpการแข่งขันgaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎnตลอดปีdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-bpii
This athlete maintains his physique ready for competition throughout the year.
ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiเธอtəəลดน้ำหนักlót-nám-nàkและlɛ́กระชับgrà-chápรูปrûupได้dâaiอย่างเห็นได้ชัดyàang-hěn-dâai-chát
Lately, she has lost weight and noticeably toned her physique.
โค้ชkóhtเน้นnénให้hâiปรับbpràpโภชนาการpoh-chá-naa-gaanควบคู่กับkûap kôo gàpเวทเทรนนิงwèt trayn-nîngเพื่อpêuuaพัฒนาpát-tá-naaรูปrôopให้hâiสมส่วนsŏm sùuanและláeแข็งแรงkăeng raeng
The coach emphasizes adjusting nutrition alongside weight training to develop a balanced and strong physique.
4NounB2
statue; sculpted image; figure
a three-dimensional representation of a person, animal, or other subject, including a religious image
Examples
วัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoรูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formพระพุทธรูปprá-pút-tá-rûupพระพุทธรูปprá-pút-tá-rûup1classifier: องค์ (for Buddha images/statues)2Buddha image; Buddha statueเก่าแก่gào-gɛ̀ɛเก่าแก่gào-gɛ̀ɛ1ancient; very old2long-established; longstandingให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)กราบไหว้gràap-wâiกราบไหว้gràap-wâi1[to] prostrate in worship2[to] pay homage/devotion
This temple has an ancient Buddha image for worship.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanช่วยกันchûuai-ganบูรณะbuu-rá-náรูปrûupพระที่prá-tîiแตกหักdtɛ̀ɛk-hàkในnaiวิหารwí-hǎan
The villagers helped restore the damaged Buddha statue in the vihara.
เขาkǎoนำnamดอกไม้ธูปเทียนdɔ̀ɔk-máai-tûup-tiianไปbpaiถวายtà-wǎaiรูปrûupพระpráตามประเพณีdtaam-bprà-pee-nii
He offered flowers, incense, and candles to the Buddha image according to tradition.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnพิธีpí-tiiอัญเชิญan-chəənรูปrûupพระpráอุบาสกอุบาสิกาù-baa-sòk-ù-baa-sì-gaaจัดเตรียมjàt-dtriiamเครื่องสักการะkrʉ̂ʉang-sàk-gaa-ráอย่างyàangเรียบร้อยrîiap-rɔ́ɔi
Before the ceremony to invite the Buddha image, lay devotees prepared the offerings properly.
5NounB2
grammatical form
a particular morphological or inflectional form of a word
Examples
คำกริยาkam grì-yaaคำกริยาkam grì-yaaverb (part of speech)นี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoรูปrôopรูปrôop1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formอดีตกาลà-dèet gaanอดีตกาลà-dèet gaanthe past; bygone timesที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)เป็นไปตามbpen bpai dtaamเป็นไปตามbpen bpai dtaam1[to] be in accordance with; conform to; comply with2[to] go/turn out as (expected/planned)กฎgòtกฎgòt1rule; regulation2law (scientific/natural); principleจึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toท่องจำtông jamท่องจำtông jam[to] memorize; [to] learn by heart; [to] learn by roteเป็นพิเศษbpen pí-sètเป็นพิเศษbpen pí-sèt1especially; particularly2specially; as an exception
This verb has an irregular past form, so it must be memorized specially.
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ในnaiพจนานุกรมpót-jà-naa-nú-gromจะjàยกตัวอย่างyók dtuua yàangรูปrôopต่างdtàangๆ-ของkŏngคำkamเพื่อให้pêuua hâiเห็นhĕnการผันgaan pănตามdtaamบุรุษbù-rùtและláeกาลgaan
The dictionary provides examples of a word’s different forms to show conjugation by person and tense.
นักภาษาศาสตร์nák-paa-sǎa-sàatแยกแยะyɛ̂ɛk-yɛ́รูปrûupคำkamที่tîiเป็นbpenรากrâakกับgàpรูปrûupคำkamที่tîiเติมdtəəmปัจจัยbpàt-jaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaอธิบายà-tí-baaiโครงสร้างkroong-sâangคำkam
Linguists distinguish root forms from affixed forms to explain word structure.
ในnaiการวิเคราะห์gaan-wí-krɔ́ไวยากรณ์wai-yaa-gɔɔnเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngระบุrá-bùรูปผันrûup-pǎnของkɔ̌ɔngคำkamให้hâiถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ngมิฉะนั้นmí-chà-nánความหมายkwaam-mǎaiเชิงchəəngหน้าที่nâa-tîiจะjàคลาดเคลื่อนklâat-klʉ̂ʉan
In grammatical analysis, we must correctly identify the inflected form of the word; otherwise the functional meaning will be off.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableLong vowelEnds in -ป, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
rûup
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Long vowel → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |