แนว
nɛɛoMeanings
1NounB1
line; row; alignment; formation
a line, row, or formation arranged in the same direction; an alignment
Examples
ทหารtá-hǎanทหารtá-hǎan1soldier; service member2the military; armed forces3military (as modifier)ยืนyʉʉnยืนyʉʉn1[to] stand2standing; upright (posture/position)3fixed; steady; unchanged (figurative)4to be fixed; remain unchanged (figurative)เป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛoเป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛo1in the style of; of the type2in a row; in lineหน้าบ้านnâa-bâanหน้าบ้านnâa-bâan1front of the house; frontage2front office; customer-facing side
The soldiers stood in a line in front of the house.
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The students lined up in a straight row before class.
เขาkǎoวางwaangต้นไม้dtôn-máaiเป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛoขนานkà-nǎanกับgàpรั้วrúuaเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiดูduuเป็นระเบียบbpen-rá-bìiap
He planted the trees in a formation parallel to the fence to make it look orderly.
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatจัดjàtรถrótเป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛoกั้นgânบนbonถนนtà-nǒnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaควบคุมkûuap-kumการจราจรgaan-jà-raa-jɔɔn
The police arranged the cars in a barrier line on the road to control traffic.
2NounB2
direction; approach; tendency; orientation
a general direction, way of doing or thinking, or orientation; a tendency
Examples
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporationนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ทำงานtam-ngaanทำงานtam-ngaan1[to] work; do one's job; be on duty2[to] function; operateแนวnɛɛoแนวnɛɛo1line; row; alignment; formation2direction; approach; tendency; orientation3boundary line; demarcation4genre; style5guideline; principle; policy line6(colloq.) unconventional; artsy; individualisticประหยัดbprà-yàtประหยัดbprà-yàt1economical; cost‑saving2[to] save; be thriftyต้นทุนdtôn-tunต้นทุนdtôn-tun1cost; cost of production2starting advantage/disadvantage; baselineแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ยังคงyang-kongยังคงyang-kongstill; [to] remain; [to] continue to be/have/doคุณภาพkun-ná-pâapคุณภาพkun-ná-pâapquality (standard; grade)ไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)
This company works in a cost-saving direction while still maintaining quality.
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อาจารย์แนะนำaa-jaan-nɛ́-namให้hâiผมpǒmลองlɔɔngคิดkítงานวิจัยngaan-wí-jaiในnaiแนวใหม่nɛɛo-màiที่tîiเน้นnénปัญหาbpan-hǎaจริงjingของkɔ̌ɔngชุมชนchum-chon
The professor suggested I try a new orientation for my research that focuses on real community problems.
พอporได้dâiคุยกันkui ganยาวyaaoๆ-ก็gâwเห็นhĕnชัดchátว่าwâaเขาkăoมีmeeแนวคิดnaeo kítไปbpaiทางtaangสนับสนุนsà-nàp-sà-nŭnสิ่งแวดล้อมsìng wâet lómมากขึ้นmâak kêun
After talking at length, it became clear that his way of thinking tends more toward supporting the environment.
นโยบายná-yoo-baaiฉบับchà-bàpล่าสุดlâa-sùtเปลี่ยนbplìianแนวnɛɛoจากjàakควบคุมkûuap-kumเข้มงวดkêm-ngûuatมาเป็นmaa-bpenให้hâiเสรีภาพsěe-rii-pâapและlɛ́ความยืดหยุ่นkwaam-yʉ̂ʉt-yùnมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
The latest policy shifts in orientation from strict control to granting more freedom and flexibility.
3NounB2
boundary line; demarcation
a line marking a limit, border, or separation
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ปักbpàkปักbpàk1[to] stick; insert; set upright2[to] embroider3north (Chinese-derived combining element)รั้วrúuaรั้วrúua1fence; enclosure2railings; barrierเป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛoเป็นแนวbpen-nɛɛo1in the style of; of the type2in a row; in lineแบ่งเขตbɛ̀ng-kèetแบ่งเขตbɛ̀ng-kèet[to] divide into zones; [to] demarcateที่ดินtîi-dinที่ดินtîi-dinland (property)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láeach (item considered separately)บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลัง5domestic; domesticated; cultivated
Villagers put up a fence as a line to divide each household's land.
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ทหารtá-hǎanยืนyʉʉnตรึงdtrʉngกำลังgam-langตามdtaamแนวชายแดนnɛɛo-chaai-dɛɛnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเฝ้าระวังfâo-rá-wang
Soldiers stood guard along the border line to keep watch.
ทีมสำรวจtiim-sǎm-rùuatใช้cháiสีสเปรย์sǐi-sà-bpeenทำเครื่องหมายtam-krʉ̂ʉang-mǎaiแนวเขตnɛɛo-kèetป่าbpàaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganการบุกรุกgaan-bùk-rúk
The survey team used spray paint to mark the forest boundary line to prevent encroachment.
แผนที่pɛ̌ɛn-tîiระบุrá-bùแนวnɛɛoเขตเทศบาลkèet-têet-sà-baanอย่างชัดเจนyàang-chát-jeenเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแยกyɛ̂ɛkความรับผิดชอบkwaam-ráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpของkɔ̌ɔngแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láหน่วยงานnùuai-ngaan
The map clearly indicates the municipal boundary line to separate each agency's responsibilities.
4NounB2
genre; style
a category or style, especially of art, music, film, or writing
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)ดูหนังduu-nǎngดูหนังduu-nǎng[to] watch a movieแนวnɛɛoแนวnɛɛo1line; row; alignment; formation2direction; approach; tendency; orientation3boundary line; demarcation4genre; style5guideline; principle; policy line6(colloq.) unconventional; artsy; individualisticสืบสวนsʉ̀ʉp-sǔuanสืบสวนsʉ̀ʉp-sǔuan[to] investigateเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingลุ้นlúnลุ้นlún1[to] be in suspense; await anxiously2[to] root for; hope for a favorable result; cheer on3[to] have a chance at; still in contention (informal)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)คาดเดาkâat-daoคาดเดาkâat-dao[to] guess; [to] speculateตลอดเวลาdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-wee-laaตลอดเวลาdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-wee-laaall the time; constantly
I like watching detective-style films because they're thrilling and keep you guessing.
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งานเขียนngaan-kǐianของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoออกแนวɔ̀ɔk-nɛɛoเสียดสีสังคมsìiat-sǐi-sǎng-komอ่านàanแล้วlɛ́ɛoทั้งtángขำkǎmและlɛ́คิดkítตามdtaam
His writing falls into the satirical genre; it's both funny and thought-provoking.
วงwongนี้níiทดลองtót-lɔɔngผสมpà-sǒmแนวดนตรีnɛɛo-don-dtriiแจ๊ซjɛ́ɛtกับgàpอิเล็กทรอนิกì-lék-trɔɔ-níkทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətเสียงsǐiangที่tîiแปลกใหม่bplɛ̀ɛk-mài
This band experiments by blending jazz and electronic genres, creating a novel sound.
ผู้กำกับpûu-gam-gàpเปลี่ยนbplìianจากjàakแนวnɛɛoโรแมนติกroo-mɛɛn-dtìkมาmaaทำtamแนวnɛɛoเขย่าขวัญkà-yào-kwǎnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaท้าทายtáa-taaiกรอบgrɔ̀ɔpเดิมdəəmของkɔ̌ɔngตนเองdton-eeng
The director shifted from the romantic genre to thriller to challenge his own boundaries.
5NounB2
guideline; principle; policy line
a guiding idea, framework, or policy line to be followed
Examples
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanคณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaancommittee; boardกำหนดgam-nòtกำหนดgam-nòt1[to] set; fix; determine2[to] schedule; assign3deadline; due date4specification; stipulationแนวnɛɛoแนวnɛɛo1line; row; alignment; formation2direction; approach; tendency; orientation3boundary line; demarcation4genre; style5guideline; principle; policy line6(colloq.) unconventional; artsy; individualisticนโยบายná-yoo-baaiนโยบายná-yoo-baaipolicy; plan of actionให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)โรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)เน้นnénเน้นnén1[to] emphasize; stress2[to] focus on; prioritize3[to] accentuate (pronunciation/typography)ทักษะták-sàทักษะták-sàskill; proficiencyอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)เขียนkǐianเขียนkǐian1[to] write2[to] draw; sketch3[to] fill out; write in4[to] compose; author5[to] write (data); burn (a disc)
The committee set a policy line for the school to emphasize reading and writing skills.
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รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanประกาศbprà-gàatแนวnɛɛoบริหารbɔɔ-rí-hǎanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanปีหน้าbpii-nâaให้hâiโปร่งใสbpròong-sǎiและlɛ́รัดกุมrát-gum
The government announced a budget management framework for next year to be transparent and rigorous.
รายงานraai-ngaanฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiเสนอsà-nə̌əแนวnɛɛoการปฏิรูปgaan-bpà-dtì-rûupที่tîiสอดคล้องกับsɔ̀ɔt-klɔ́ɔng-gàpเป้าหมายbpâo-mǎaiระยะยาวrá-yá-yaao
This report proposes a reform framework aligned with long-term goals.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtปรับbpràpแนวnɛɛoกลยุทธ์gon-lá-yútเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสอดsɔ̀ɔtรับกับráp-gàpมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tǎanกำกับดูแลgam-gàp-duu-lɛɛใหม่mài
The company adjusted its strategic policy line to comply with the new regulatory standards.
6NounB2
(colloq.) unconventional; artsy; individualistic
having a distinctive, individualistic, or unconventional style, especially in fashion, music, or artistic taste.
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herแต่งตัวdtɛ̀ng-dtuuaแต่งตัวdtɛ̀ng-dtuua1[to] get dressed; dress [oneself]2[to] dress [sb]; clothe [sb]3[to] dress up; dress stylishly; wear a costumeแนวnɛɛoแนวnɛɛo1line; row; alignment; formation2direction; approach; tendency; orientation3boundary line; demarcation4genre; style5guideline; principle; policy line6(colloq.) unconventional; artsy; individualisticดีนะdii-náดีนะdii-ná1good; thank goodness2luckily; it's a good thing (that...)เอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉa1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsแม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)กับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)รองเท้าบูตrɔɔng-táao-bùutรองเท้าบูตrɔɔng-táao-bùutbootsแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneเข้ากันkâo-ganเข้ากันkâo-gan1[to] go well together; match2[to] get along; be compatible (people)3[to] blend/mix evenly (ingredients)4[to] be consistent; agree (data/ideas)
You have a cool, unconventional style. Your mom's old shirt looks great with those boots.
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เธอtəəไม่mâiจำเป็นต้องjam-bpen-dtɔ̂ngซื้อsʉ́ʉเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaแพงpɛɛngก็gɔ̂แต่งตัวdtɛ̀ng-dtuuaให้ดูhâi-duuแนวnɛɛoได้dâaiแค่kɛ̂ɛรู้จักrúu-jàkจับคู่jàp-kûuของkɔ̌ɔngที่tîiมีอยู่mii-yùuให้hâiต่างจากdtàang-jàakคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn
You don't need expensive clothes to create a distinctive look; you just need to combine what you already own in ways that stand out.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ว, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
nɛɛo
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |