โทษ
tôotMeanings
1InterjectionA2
sorry; excuse me (colloq.)
a casual shortening of ขอโทษขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôot1[to] apologize (to [sb]) (for)2sorry; excuse me used to apologize or excuse an interruption, often with ทีทีtii1please; for me (request particle)2time; occasion; instance3turn; chance; opportunity; one’s shot4classifier: times; hits; strokes; attempts or a politeness particle
Examples
โทษนะtôot-náโทษนะtôot-násorry; excuse me (casual)ขอkɔ̌ɔขอkɔ̌ɔ1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forถามทางtǎam-taangถามทางtǎam-taang[to] ask for directionsหน่อยnɔ̀iหน่อยnɔ̀i1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)
Excuse me, may I ask for directions?
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Excuse me, may I get through, please?
Sorry to bother you; may I have a moment?
Excuse me, could you say that again? I didn’t hear clearly just now.
2NounB1
punishment; penalty
a punishment or penalty imposed for breaking a law or rule
Examples
ถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseฝ่าฝืนfàa-fʉ̌ʉnฝ่าฝืนfàa-fʉ̌ʉn[to] violate; disobey; contraveneกฎจราจรgòt-jà-raa-jɔɔnกฎจราจรgòt-jà-raa-jɔɔntraffic laws; traffic rulesจะมีjà-miiจะมีjà-miithere will be; [to] have (in the future)โทษปรับtôot-bpràpโทษปรับtôot-bpràpfine; monetary penalty
If you break traffic rules, there will be a fine as a penalty.
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The court sentenced [the defendant] to imprisonment but suspended the sentence.
มหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiประกาศbprà-gàatโทษtôotสำหรับsǎm-ràpการลอกgaan-lɔ̂ɔkงานngaanตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛตักเตือนdtàk-dtʉʉanจนถึงjon-tʉ̌ngพ้นpónสภาพsà-pâapนักศึกษาnák-sʉ̀k-sǎa
The university announced penalties for plagiarism, ranging from warnings to expulsion.
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanเสนอsà-nə̌əให้hâiเพิ่มpə̂əmโทษtôotสำหรับsǎm-ràpผู้pûuฝ่าฝืนfàa-fʉ̌ʉnซ้ำsámเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganการกระทำผิดgaan-grà-tam-pìtซ้ำsám
The committee proposed harsher penalties for repeat offenders to prevent reoffending.
3NounB1
fault; blame
responsibility for a mistake or wrongdoing; the state of being at fault
Examples
เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)โทษtôotโทษtôot1sorry; excuse me (colloq.)2punishment; penalty3fault; blame4[to] blame; [to] accuse; [to] faultของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)เองeengเองeeng1oneself; personally; by oneself2only; just; merely3exactly that/itselfเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ลืมlʉʉmลืมlʉʉm1[to] forget2[to] leave behind (by forgetting)3forget to; omit unintentionallyส่งงานsòng-ngaanส่งงานsòng-ngaan1[to] submit work; hand in an assignment/report2[to] deliver a deliverable; turn in a project/milestone
This matter is my fault because I forgot to submit the work.
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ทีมtiimแพ้pɛ́ɛเพราะprɔ́ความผิดพลาดkwaam-pìt-plâatของkɔ̌ɔngผมpǒmผมpǒmยอมรับyɔɔm-rápโทษtôotทั้งหมดtáng-mòt
The team lost because of my mistake; I accept all the blame.
เขาkǎoถูกtùukตำหนิdtam-nìว่าwâaเป็นbpenผู้pûuรับโทษráp-tôotสำหรับsǎm-ràpเหตุการณ์hèet-gaanที่tîiเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nในnaiบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàt
He was criticized for being at fault for the incident that occurred in the company.
แม้mɛ́ɛปัญหาbpan-hǎaจะjàซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnแต่dtɛ̀ɛโทษtôotหลักlàkอยู่ที่yùu-tîiการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiที่tîiขาดkàatความรอบคอบkwaam-rɔ̂ɔp-kɔ̂ɔpของkɔ̌ɔngคณะทำงานká-ná-tam-ngaan
Even though the problem is complex, the main fault lies in the working committee’s lack of prudence in decision-making.
4VerbB2
[to] blame; [to] accuse; [to] fault
to say or think that [sb] is responsible for a mistake or wrongdoing; to place blame on [sb]
Examples
อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)โทษtôotโทษtôot1sorry; excuse me (colloq.)2punishment; penalty3fault; blame4[to] blame; [to] accuse; [to] faultน้องnɔ́ɔngน้องnɔ́ɔng1younger sibling2junior; younger personเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedความผิดkwaam-pìtความผิดkwaam-pìt1fault; blame; guilt2offense; violation (legal)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàak1[to] result from [sth]; be caused by [sth]; arise from [sth]2[to] be formed from; originate from; be produced byการสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanการสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎan1communication2telecommunications (esp.)ไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenunclear; vague
Don’t blame your sister; this mistake came from unclear communication.
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เขาkǎoมักmákโทษtôotคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnเวลางานwee-laa-ngaanไม่mâiสำเร็จsǎm-rètแทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàทบทวนตัวเองtóp-tuuan-dtuua-eeng
He tends to blame others when work fails instead of reflecting on himself.
บางครั้งbaang krángเราraoก็gâwโทษtôhtสถานการณ์sà-tăa-ná-gaanมากเกินไปmâak gern bpaiทั้งที่táng têeจริงๆjing jingตัดสินใจdtàt-sĭn-jaiพลาดplâatเองayng
Sometimes we blame the situation too much when in fact it was our own poor decision.
เธอtəəไม่mâiโทษtôotทีมtiimแต่dtɛ̀ɛชี้ให้เห็นchíi-hâi-hěnกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanที่tîiบกพร่องbòk-prɔ̂ɔngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแก้ไขgɛ̂ɛ-kǎiในnaiรอบrɔ̂ɔpต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpai
She doesn’t blame the team but points out flawed processes to fix them next time.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableLong vowelEnds in -ษ, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
tôot
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Long vowel → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |