ล้ำ
lámMeanings
1AdjectiveB2
advanced; cutting-edge; outstanding
Highly advanced, innovative, or ahead of its time; can also mean exceptionally outstanding.
Examples
เทคโนโลยีték-noo-loo-yiiเทคโนโลยีték-noo-loo-yii1technology2technology; technological devices and systemsบ้านอัจฉริยะbâan-àt-chà-rí-yáบ้านอัจฉริยะbâan-àt-chà-rí-yásmart homeของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsล้ำlámล้ำlám1advanced; cutting-edge; outstanding2[to] go beyond; [to] overstepกว่าที่gwàa-tîiกว่าที่gwàa-tîi1than (what/that)2not until; by the time thatตลาดทั่วไปdtà-làat-tûua-bpaiตลาดทั่วไปdtà-làat-tûua-bpaiordinary markets; general marketมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergo
His smart home technology is more advanced than what the general market has.
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This team's design ideas are advanced and practical.
สตาร์ตอัปsà-dtáat-âpพัฒนาpát-tá-naaปัญญาประดิษฐ์bpan-yaa bprà-dìtที่têeล้ำlámจนได้jon dâiรับrápความสนใจkwaam sŏn jaiจากjàakนักลงทุนnák long tunต่างชาติdtàang châat
The startup developed AI so advanced that it drew interest from foreign investors.
ผลpǒnงานภาพยนตร์ngaan-pâap-pá-yonเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiล้ำlámทั้งtángด้านเทคนิคdâan-ték-nìkและlɛ́วิธีwí-tiiเล่าเรื่องlâo-rʉ̂ʉangจนjonกลายเป็นglaai-bpenหมุดหมายmùt-mǎaiใหม่màiของkɔ̌ɔngวงการwong-gaan
This film is groundbreaking in both technique and storytelling, becoming a new milestone in the industry.
2VerbB2
[to] go beyond; [to] overstep
To go beyond an accepted limit, boundary, or norm; to overstep.
Examples
อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutล้ำlámล้ำlám1advanced; cutting-edge; outstanding2[to] go beyond; [to] overstepขอบเขตkɔ̀ɔp-kèetขอบเขตkɔ̀ɔp-kèet1boundary; limit; bounds2scope; extent; rangeของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsงานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)คนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn1other people; others2someone else; another personเดี๋ยวdǐiaoเดี๋ยวdǐiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)มีปัญหาmii-bpan-hǎaมีปัญหาmii-bpan-hǎa[to] have a problem; there is a problem
Don’t speak beyond the bounds of others’ responsibilities, or there will be problems.
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คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoล้ำเส้นlám-sênความเป็นส่วนตัวkwaam-bpen-sùuan-dtuuaทำให้tam-hâiผู้pûuถูกtùukสัมภาษณ์sǎm-pâatไม่พอใจmâi-pɔɔ-jai
His criticism overstepped personal boundaries, making the interviewee upset.
การสอบสวนgaan-sɔ̀ɔp-sǔuanควรkuuanยุติyú-dtìเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaมีmiiพยานหลักฐานpá-yaan-làk-tǎanพอpɔɔอย่าyàaล้ำlámอำนาจam-nâatกฎหมายgòt-mǎaiไปbpaiกว่านั้นgwàa-nán
The investigation should stop when there is sufficient evidence; do not overstep the authority of the law beyond that.
การตลาดgaan-dtà-làatเชิงรุกchəəng-rúkของkɔ̌ɔngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtเริ่มล้ำrə̂əm-lámขอบเขตkɔ̀ɔp-kèetจริยธรรมjà-rí-yá-tamด้วยdûuaiการเก็บข้อมูลgaan-gèp-kɔ̂ɔ-muunส่วนตัวsùuan-dtuuaเกินgəənความจำเป็นkwaam-jam-bpen
The company’s aggressive marketing is starting to overstep ethical boundaries by collecting more personal data than necessary.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
lám
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |