ถึง

到；遠至；至多

直到；直至

Often emphasizes the eventual endpoint of a continuing action or progression.

直到；至

Typically marks how long an action continues or how far it extends, rather than a neutral destination.

直到；一直到；遠至（口語）

達到；觸及

達到；接觸；接壤

進入；到達某時期或階段

達成；達到；實現

Emphasizes successful attainment of a goal or level rather than ordinary arrival.

到達；延伸至；直至

來；抵達

達到；抵達；實現

致；給（正式）

Respectfully marks a recipient, especially in dedications or ceremonial giving, rather than a general destination.

到；向；朝著（正式或書面語）

Typically marks movement toward a destination or state, often in formal writing, rather than an addressee.

向；往；致（正式標記）

給；對（接受者或受影響者）

Marks a recipient, especially with giving or communicating, rather than a destination.

雖然；即使

Typically introduces an actual concession ('although'), rather than emphasizing a hypothetical 'even if'.

即使；無論怎樣

Emphasizes that even a hypothetical condition would not change the outcome.

即使；雖然；儘管

甚至；到……的地步

Emphasizes surprising degree, often before a clause, rather than directly marking a numerical amount.

多達；竟然有

Emphasizes a surprisingly large number, amount, or duration rather than an extreme result.

關於；對於

Explicitly introduces a topic, but is less interchangeable with ถึง after verbs of thought.

關於（正式）