กั้น
gânMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] block; obstruct; bar
to stop, hinder, or keep something from passing through; to bar the way
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerยืนyʉʉnยืนyʉʉn1[to] stand2standing; upright (posture/position)3fixed; steady; unchanged (figurative)4to be fixed; remain unchanged (figurative)กั้นgânกั้นgân1[to] block; obstruct; bar2[to] divide; partition off; screen off3[to] fence off; cordon off; rope off4[to] dam; impound (water); hold backทางtaangทางtaang1way; route; road; path2direction; side3method; means; manner4by; via; through (means or channel)5classifier: roads/routes/ways6side/party (institutional)ไม่ให้mâi-hâiไม่ให้mâi-hâi1[to] not give; withhold; refuse to give2[to] not allow; not let; forbid3so that not; in order to preventรถrótรถrót1vehicle (general)2car; automobileเข้าไปkâo-bpaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai1[to] go in; enter (away from the speaker)2directional complement: into; in (away from speaker)ใกล้glâiใกล้glâi1near; close (in distance/time/resemblance)2[to] be near; be close toที่เกิดเหตุtîi-gə̀ət-hèetที่เกิดเหตุtîi-gə̀ət-hèet1scene of the incident2incident scene; site of the incident
The police stood blocking the way, not allowing cars to approach the scene.
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ฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkจนjonเศษไม้sèet-máaiมากมายmâak-maaiกั้นgânทางน้ำtaang-náamทำให้tam-hâiน้ำnáamไหลlǎiช้าcháa
Heavy rain caused lots of debris to block the waterway, making the flow slow.
กฎระเบียบgòt-rá-bìiapที่tîiซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnกั้นgânผู้ประกอบการpûu-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp-gaanรายเล็กraai-lékไม่ให้mâi-hâiเข้าถึงkâo-tʉ̌ngโอกาสoo-gàatทางธุรกิจtaang-tú-rá-gìt
Complex regulations hinder small entrepreneurs from accessing business opportunities.
2VerbB1
[to] divide; partition off; screen off
to separate an area into parts with a barrier, wall, screen, or curtain
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillกั้นgânกั้นgân1[to] block; obstruct; bar2[to] divide; partition off; screen off3[to] fence off; cordon off; rope off4[to] dam; impound (water); hold backม่านmâanม่านmâan1curtain; drape2screen; veilในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ห้องนอนhɔ̂ng-nɔɔnห้องนอนhɔ̂ng-nɔɔnbedroomเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofแบ่งเป็นbɛ̀ng-bpenแบ่งเป็นbɛ̀ng-bpen[to] divide [sth] intoมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveทำงานtam-ngaanทำงานtam-ngaan1[to] work; do one's job; be on duty2[to] function; operate
He put up a curtain in the bedroom to divide out a work corner.
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ร้านกาแฟráan-gaa-fɛɛกั้นgânฉากchàakใสsǎiระหว่างrá-wàangโต๊ะdtóเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiลูกค้าlûuk-káaมีmiiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiส่วนตัวsùuan-dtuua
The café set up clear partitions between tables to give customers some privacy.
เราraoอยากyàakกั้นgânห้องนั่งเล่นhɔ̂ng-nâng-lênเป็นสองbpen-sɔ̌ɔngโซนsoonจะได้jà-dâaiดูทีวีduu-tii-wiiไม่mâiรบกวนróp-guuanคนทำงานkon-tam-ngaan
We want to partition the living room into two zones so watching TV won’t disturb those working.
สถาปนิกsà-tǎa-bpà-níkเสนอsà-nə̌əให้hâiกั้นgânผนังpà-nǎngเบาbaoแทนtɛɛnผนังpà-nǎngก่อgɔ̀ɔอิฐìtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดน้ำหนักlót-nám-nàkและlɛ́ประหยัดbprà-yàtงบngóp
The architect suggested installing a light partition wall instead of brick to reduce weight and save the budget.
3VerbB2
[to] fence off; cordon off; rope off
to close or secure an area by setting up barriers, fences, ropes, or cordons
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerกั้นเชือกgân-chʉ̂ʉakกั้นเชือกgân-chʉ̂ʉakto cordon off with ropeหน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of yearตึกdtʉ̀kตึกdtʉ̀kbuilding (of masonry or concrete)เพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiso that not; in order not to; to prevent [sth]คนทั่วไปkon-tûua-bpaiคนทั่วไปkon-tûua-bpai1the general public; ordinary people2an ordinary/average person; laypersonเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-naiเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-nai[to] go into [sth]; [to] enter [sth]พื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi1area; space; surface; land area2region; zone; locality; area3space; arena (figurative)
The police roped off the front of the building to keep the public out of the area.
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เจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiรีบrîipกั้นgânบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenเกิดอุบัติเหตุgə̀ət-ù-bàt-dtì-hèetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai
Officials quickly cordoned off the accident area for safety.
ผู้จัดงานpûu-jàt-ngaanกั้นgânรั้วrúuaชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoรอบrɔ̂ɔpเวทีwee-tiiพร้อมprɔ́ɔmตั้งdtângจุดjùtคัดกรองkát-grɔɔngก่อนgɔ̀ɔnให้hâiเข้าkâoพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi
The organizers set up temporary fencing around the stage and established screening points before allowing entry.
เทศบาลtêet-sà-baanกั้นgânพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiริมแม่น้ำrim-mɛ̂ɛ-náamด้วยdûuaiแผงpɛ̌ɛngเหล็กlèkและlɛ́กรวยgruuaiยางyaangระหว่างrá-wàangซ่อมแซมsɔ̂m-sɛɛmทางเดินtaang-dəən
The municipality cordoned off the riverfront area with metal barriers and traffic cones during walkway repairs.
4VerbB2
[to] dam; impound (water); hold back
to hold back or retain water by creating a barrier, such as a dam or weir
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao bâanชาวบ้านchaao bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)สร้างsâangสร้างsâang1[to] build; construct2[to] create; produce3[to] establish; found4[to] generate; developฝายเล็กfăai lékฝายเล็กfăai léksmall weir; small check damๆ-เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofกั้นgânกั้นgân1[to] block; obstruct; bar2[to] divide; partition off; screen off3[to] fence off; cordon off; rope off4[to] dam; impound (water); hold backน้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ไหลlăiไหลlăi[to] flow; run (liquid)ช้าลงcháa longช้าลงcháa long1[to] slow down; become slower2more slowly
Villagers built a small weir to hold back the water so it flows more slowly.
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He piled up a long embankment to hold back floodwater from the rice fields.
เขื่อนkʉ̀ʉanใหม่màiนี้níiถูกtùukออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpให้hâiกั้นgânน้ำnáamในnaiฤดูฝนrʉ́-duu-fǒnและlɛ́ระบายน้ำrá-baai-náamอย่างเป็นระบบyàang-bpen-rá-bòp
This new dam is designed to retain water in the rainy season and release it systematically.
เราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngปลูกป่าbplùuk-bpàaเสริมsə̌əmคันดินkan-dinเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaช่วยchûuaiกั้นgânน้ำป่าnáam-bpàaไม่ให้mâi-hâiไหลบ่าlǎi-bàaลงlongหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan
We need to plant forests to reinforce the embankments to help hold back flash floods from rushing into the village.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
gân
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |