กำหนด
gam-nòtMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] set; fix; determine
to decide and officially set something such as a rule, date, limit, quota, or requirement
Examples
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanคณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaancommittee; boardกำหนดgam-nòtกำหนดgam-nòt1[to] set; fix; determine2[to] schedule; assign3deadline; due date4specification; stipulationเพดานpee-daanเพดานpee-daan1ceiling2upper limit; cap; ceilingราคาสินค้าraa-kaa-sǐn-káaราคาสินค้าraa-kaa-sǐn-káaproduct priceเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]ผู้บริโภคpûu-bɔɔ-rí-pôokผู้บริโภคpûu-bɔɔ-rí-pôok1consumer (marketplace)2consumer (ecology/biology)
The committee set a price ceiling to help consumers.
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โรงเรียนroong-riianกำหนดgam-nòtกฎgòtใหม่màiให้hâiทุกคนtúk-konใส่หน้ากากsài-nâa-gàakในอาคารnai-aa-kaanและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngล้างมือláang-mʉʉก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเข้าkâoห้องเรียนhɔ̂ng-riian
The school decided on a new rule requiring everyone to wear masks indoors and wash hands before entering classrooms.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtกำหนดgam-nòtโควตาkoow-dtaaการลาหยุดgaan-laa-yùtประจำปีbprà-jam-bpiiและlɛ́ระบุrá-bùขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnการขออนุมัติgaan-kɔ̌ɔ-à-nú-mátไว้wáiอย่างชัดเจนyàang-chát-jeen
The company set an annual leave quota and specified the approval process clearly.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanกำหนดgam-nòtมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tǎanการปล่อยgaan-bplɔ̀iคาร์บอนkaa-bɔɔnสำหรับsǎm-ràpโรงงานroong-ngaanโดยdooiมีmiiบทลงโทษbòt-long-tôotหากhàakไม่ปฏิบัติตามmâi-bpà-dtì-bàt-dtaam
The government established carbon emission standards for factories, with penalties for noncompliance.
2VerbB1
[to] schedule; assign
to arrange or assign a specific time, date, or target for something
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)กำหนดgam-nòtกำหนดgam-nòt1[to] set; fix; determine2[to] schedule; assign3deadline; due date4specification; stipulationวันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: daysไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiaoไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiao1[to] go out for fun; hang out2[to] travel for leisure; go on a trip; go sightseeing3[to] drop by for fun; pay a casual visitเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)วันเสาร์wan-sǎoวันเสาร์wan-sǎoSaturdayหน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of year7topping (food)
We set the trip for next Saturday.
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ครูkruuกำหนดเวลาgam-nòt-wee-laaส่งงานsòng-ngaanเป็นbpenบ่ายสามbàai-sǎamของkɔ̌ɔngวันพรุ่งนี้wan-prûng-níi
The teacher scheduled the assignment submission for 3 p.m. tomorrow.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtกำหนดเป้าหมายgam-nòt-bpâo-mǎaiเปิดbpə̀ətตัวสินค้าdtuua-sǐn-káaใหม่màiในnaiไตรมาสdtrai-mâatสองsɔ̌ɔng
The company scheduled the launch of the new product for the second quarter.
คณะká-náผู้จัดงานpûu-jàt-ngaanกำหนดgam-nòtตารางdtaa-raangการประชุมgaan-bprà-chumอย่างละเอียดyàang-lá-ìiatเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangการชนgaan-chonกับgàpกิจกรรมgìt-jà-gamอื่นʉ̀ʉn
The organizers arranged a detailed meeting schedule to avoid conflicts with other activities.
3NounB2
deadline; due date
a specific time or date by which something must be completed
Examples
รายงานraai-ngaanรายงานraai-ngaan1report (document/account)2[to] report; inform officiallyนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toส่งsòngส่งsòng1[to] send; dispatch2[to] submit; hand in; turn in3[to] drop off; deliver (someone/something)4[to] pass (to); feed (a ball)5[to] emit; transmit; send out6[to] escort; see off7wholesaleภายในpaai-naiภายในpaai-nai1inside; internal2inside; indoors3within; inside (place/scope)4within (time limit); byกำหนดgam-nòtกำหนดgam-nòt1[to] set; fix; determine2[to] schedule; assign3deadline; due date4specification; stipulationวันศุกร์wan-sùkวันศุกร์wan-sùkFridayหน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of year7topping (food)ไม่อย่างนั้นmâi-yàang-nánไม่อย่างนั้นmâi-yàang-nánotherwise; if not; or elseจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)ตัดdtàtตัดdtàt1[to] cut2[to] trim; clip3[to] cut off; turn off; disconnect4[to] eliminate; remove5[to] edit; cut (media/text)6[to] deduct7[to] cross (a path); cut acrossคะแนนká-nɛɛnคะแนนká-nɛɛn1score; point(s)2vote (counted choice)3rating; grade; mark
This report must be submitted by the deadline next Friday; otherwise, points will be deducted.
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ฉันchǎnทำงานtam-ngaanล่วงเวลาlûuang-wee-laaเพราะprɔ́กลัวgluuaทำtamโปรเจกต์bproo-jèekไม่mâiทันกำหนดtan-gam-nòt
I worked overtime because I was afraid the project wouldn’t meet the deadline.
สำนักพิมพ์sǎm-nák-pimแจ้งว่าjɛ̂ɛng-wâaต้นฉบับdtôn-chà-bàpต้องdtɔ̂ngเสร็จsètก่อนกำหนดgɔ̀ɔn-gam-nòtสิ้นเดือนsîn-dʉʉanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเข้าkâoเครื่องพิมพ์krʉ̂ʉang-pimทันtanรอบrɔ̂ɔp
The publisher announced that the manuscript must be finished before the end-of-month deadline to make the print run.
เพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiผิดนัดpìt-nátชำระcham-ráลูกค้าlûuk-káaควรkuuanโอนเงินoon-ngənภายในpaai-naiกำหนดgam-nòtที่tîiระบุrá-bùในnaiสัญญาsǎn-yaa
To avoid defaulting on payment, clients should transfer funds by the deadline specified in the contract.
4NounB2
specification; stipulation
a stated condition, parameter, or requirement that has been formally set
Examples
โครงการkroong-gaanโครงการkroong-gaan1project; scheme2plan; proposalนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎi1condition; requirement2terms; provisions3constraint; limitationที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerกำหนดไว้gam-nòt-wáiกำหนดไว้gam-nòt-wái[to] set [sth]; [to] specify; [to] stipulateชัดเจนchát-jeenชัดเจนchát-jeen1clear; distinct; obvious2explicit; definite; unambiguous; unequivocal3clearly; explicitly; unambiguouslyว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toส่งsòngส่งsòng1[to] send; dispatch2[to] submit; hand in; turn in3[to] drop off; deliver (someone/something)4[to] pass (to); feed (a ball)5[to] emit; transmit; send out6[to] escort; see off7wholesaleรายงานraai-ngaanรายงานraai-ngaan1report (document/account)2[to] report; inform officiallyทุกtúkทุกtúk1every; each2every (interval/frequency)เดือนdʉʉanเดือนdʉʉan1month2the Moon; moon
This project has clearly specified conditions that a report must be submitted every month.
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ในnaiการสมัครgaan-sà-màkทุนtunมีคุณสมบัติmii-kun-ná-sǒm-bàtที่tîiกำหนดgam-nòtเช่นchênเกรดเฉลี่ยgrèet-chà-lìiaและlɛ́ผลงานวิจัยpǒn-ngaan-wí-jai
For the scholarship application, there are specified qualifications such as GPA and research work.
การเข้าgaan-kâoประกวดbprà-gùuatต้องdtɔ̂ngปฏิบัติbpà-dtì-bàtตามข้อกำหนดdtaam-kɔ̂ɔ-gam-nòtที่tîiกำหนดไว้gam-nòt-wáiโดยเฉพาะdooi-chà-pɔ́รูปแบบrûup-bɛ̀ɛpไฟล์faiและlɛ́ขนาดkà-nàatผลงานpǒn-ngaan
Participation in the contest must follow the set requirements, especially file format and work size.
สัญญาsǎn-yaaระบุrá-bùพารามิเตอร์paa-raa-mí-dtə̂əที่tîiกำหนดไว้gam-nòt-wáiล่วงหน้าlûuang-nâaทั้งtángขอบเขตงานkɔ̀ɔp-kèet-ngaanและlɛ́ตัวชี้วัดdtuua-chíi-wátผลลัพธ์pǒn-láp
The contract specifies predefined parameters, including the scope of work and performance indicators.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กำหนด said กัม-หนด?
gam-nòt
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |