เดิม
dəəmMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
original; initial
existing at first; not changed from the beginning
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ยังคงyang-kongยังคงyang-kongstill; [to] remain; [to] continue to be/have/doใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderแผนpɛ̌ɛnแผนpɛ̌ɛn1plan; strategy2scheme; plotเดิมdəəmเดิมdəəm1original; initial2former; previous3as before; originally; same as beforeที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerมีอยู่mii-yùuมีอยู่mii-yùu1[to] have on hand; possess (at the moment)2[to] exist; be present; there is/areตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; pilesแต่แรกdtɛ̀ɛ-rɛ̂ɛkแต่แรกdtɛ̀ɛ-rɛ̂ɛkat first; from the beginning; originallyโดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -lyไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงmâi-bplìian-bplɛɛngไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงmâi-bplìian-bplɛɛng1[to] remain unchanged; [to] stay the same2unchanging; constant
We still use the original plan that existed from the start without change.
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เขาkǎoยืนยันyʉʉn-yanจะjàรักษาrák-sǎaโครงสร้างkroong-sâangเดิมdəəmของkɔ̌ɔngบ้านbâanไว้wáiแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàซ่อมแซมsɔ̂m-sɛɛmหลายlǎaiจุดjùt
He insists on keeping the original structure of the house, even though many parts will be repaired.
ทางtaangทีมงานtiim-ngaanขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiคงkongกำหนดการgam-nòt-gaanเดิมdəəmเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiกระทบgrà-tópผู้เข้าร่วมpûu-kâo-rûuam
The team asks to keep the original schedule so as not to affect the participants.
เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความสม่ำเสมอkwaam-sà-màm-sà-mə̌əเราraoจึงjʉngคงkongรูปแบบrûup-bɛ̀ɛpเดิมdəəmของkɔ̌ɔngเอกสารèek-gà-sǎanไว้wáiตลอดทั้งdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-tángโครงการkroong-gaan
For consistency, we have kept the original format of the documents throughout the project.
2AdjectiveB1
former; previous
from an earlier time; earlier state or version
Examples
ร้านนี้ráan-níiร้านนี้ráan-níithis shop; this storeเคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)โรงหนังroong-nǎngโรงหนังroong-nǎngmovie theater; cinemaมาก่อนmaa-gɔ̀ɔnมาก่อนmaa-gɔ̀ɔn1[to] come first; arrive earlier; precede2earlier; previously; beforehandก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàbefore (introducing a clause)ปรับbpràpปรับbpràp1[to] adjust; modify2[to] adapt; acclimatize3[to] fine; impose a fineเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)คาเฟ่kaa-fêeคาเฟ่kaa-fêecafé; coffee shop
This shop used to be a cinema before being converted into a café.
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ผมpǒmกลับไปglàp-bpaiอ่านàanบันทึกban-tʉ́kเดิมdəəmแล้วlɛ́ɛoเห็นว่าhěn-wâaความคิดkwaam-kítตอนนั้นdtɔɔn-nánต่างจากdtàang-jàakตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiมากmâak
I went back to read the earlier notes and saw that my thoughts back then were very different from now.
ถ้าtâaดูduuจากjàakแผนpɛ̌ɛnเดิมdəəmโครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiควรkuuanเสร็จsètตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเดือนที่แล้วdʉʉan-tîi-lɛ́ɛo
According to the earlier plan, this project should have been finished since last month.
เธอtəəกลับไปglàp-bpaiใช้cháiวิธีwí-tiiเดิมdəəmที่tîiเคยkəəiได้ผลdâai-pǒnก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàลองlɔɔngแนวทางnɛɛo-taangใหม่màiอีกครั้งìik-kráng
She reverted to the earlier method that had worked before trying a new approach again.
3AdverbB2
as before; originally; same as before
in the same way as earlier; unchanged from the previous or original state
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เปลี่ยนbplìianเปลี่ยนbplìian1[to] change; become different2[to] switch; replace; exchangeผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaan1manager; administrator2personal manager; handlerแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)นโยบายná-yoo-baaiนโยบายná-yoo-baaipolicy; plan of actionบริการลูกค้าbɔɔ-rí-gaan-lûuk-káaบริการลูกค้าbɔɔ-rí-gaan-lûuk-káacustomer serviceยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)เหมือนเดิมmʉ̌ʉan-dəəmเหมือนเดิมmʉ̌ʉan-dəəm1same as before; unchanged2as before; as usual
Even though the manager changed, the customer service policy remains the same as before.
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หลังlǎngปรับปรุงbpràp-bprungร้านráanเสร็จsètเราraoก็gɔ̂ยังyangเปิดbpə̀ətขายkǎaiในnaiเวลาwee-laaเดิมdəəm
After the renovation, we still open for business at the same hours as before.
เขาkǎoขอkɔ̌ɔยืนยันyʉʉn-yanว่าwâaวิธีwí-tiiคัดเลือกkát-lʉ̂ʉakจะjàใช้cháiเกณฑ์geenเดิมdəəmเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเกิดgə̀ətความเป็นธรรมkwaam-bpen-tam
He insists that the selection method will use the same criteria as earlier to ensure fairness.
แม้mɛ́ɛอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนàt-dtraa-lɛ̂ɛk-bplìianผันผวนpǎn-pǔuanค่าบริการkâa-bɔɔ-rí-gaanรายเดือนraai-dʉʉanยังคงyang-kongราคาเดิมraa-kaa-dəəmจนกว่าจะjon-gwàa-jàประกาศbprà-gàatใหม่mài
Even though the exchange rate fluctuates, the monthly service fee remains unchanged from before until a new announcement.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dəəm
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |