ตาม
dtaamMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] follow; go after
To move behind or pursue someone or something; to track.
Examples
หมาmǎaหมาmǎa1dog2dog (insult)วิ่งตามwîng-dtaamวิ่งตามwîng-dtaam1[to] run after; chase2[to] chase; pursue (goals/trends/attention)3[to] chase after (romantically); fawn overเด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young person (informal)ไปที่bpai-tîiไปที่bpai-tîi[to] go to [somewhere]สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)
The dog ran after the child to the park.
3 more examplesShow less
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatขี่kìiมอเตอร์ไซค์mɔɔ-dtəə-sáiไล่ตามlâi-dtaamรถrótผู้ต้องสงสัยpûu-dtɔ̂ng-sǒng-sǎiไปbpai
The police rode a motorcycle to chase after the suspect's car.
I followed the sound of music until I reached the front of the shop.
นักข่าวnák-kàaoตามdtaamประเด็นbprà-denนี้níiมาตลอดmaa-dtà-lɔ̀ɔtและlɛ́ติดตามdtìt-dtaamความคืบหน้าkwaam-kʉ̂ʉp-nâaของkɔ̌ɔngคดีká-diiอย่างใกล้ชิดyàang-glâi-chít
The journalist has been tracking this issue all along and closely following the case's progress.
2PrepositionA2
according to; in accordance with
Preposition introducing a source, standard, rule, or specification (e.g., according to the law/plan/news).
Examples
ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)ข่าวkàaoข่าวkàao1news; news report2news item; report3rumor; hearsayเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessห้างhâangห้างhâang1mall; shopping center2department store3trading firm (dated/formal)ใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2new; different; fresh3again; anew4new; inexperienced (novice)เดือนหน้าdʉʉan-nâaเดือนหน้าdʉʉan-nâa1next month2next month (time adverbial)
According to the news, they will open a new mall next month.
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According to the plan, we will start the meeting at nine.
Fees are charged according to the university regulations.
ตามdtaamรายงานraai-ngaanล่าสุดlâa-sùtโครงการkroong-gaanยังyangดำเนินไปdam-nəən-bpaiตามdtaamมาตรฐานความปลอดภัยmâat-dtrà-tǎan-kwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai
According to the latest report, the project is still proceeding according to safety standards.
กรุณาgà-rú-naaแต่งกายdtɛ̀ng-gaaiให้hâiเป็นไปตามbpen-bpai-dtaamระเบียบrá-bìiapราชการrâat-chá-gaanในnaiวันwanพิธีpí-tii
Please dress in accordance with official protocol on the day of the ceremony.
เอกสารèek-gà-sǎanนี้níiจัดjàtทำตามแบบtam-dtaam-bɛ̀ɛpฟอร์มfɔɔmของkɔ̌ɔngกรมบัญชีgrom-ban-chiiกลางglaang
This document is prepared according to the Comptroller General Department’s form.
ห้องพักhɔ̂ng-pákปรับปรุงใหม่bpràp-bprung-màiตามdtaamมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tǎanโรงแรมroong-rɛɛmระดับนานาชาติrá-dàp-naa-naa-châat
The rooms have been renovated in line with international hotel standards.
การสรรหาgaan-sǎn-hǎaดำเนินการdam-nəən-gaanตามdtaamเกณฑ์geenคุณสมบัติkun-ná-sǒm-bàtที่tîiประกาศbprà-gàatไว้wái
The recruitment is conducted in accordance with the announced qualification criteria.
3PrepositionA2
after; behind; in pursuit of
Introduces someone or something being followed or pursued, as in เดินตามเขา ‘walk behind him’; not a general preposition meaning later than.
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)ไปหาbpai-hǎaไปหาbpai-hǎa1[to] go see [sb]; [to] visit [sb]2[to] go look for [sb/sth]; [to] seek [sth]คุณkunคุณkun1you (polite)2Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (title)3quality; virtue; meritในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)อีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenนาทีnaa-tiiนาทีnaa-tii1minute (time unit)2moment; minute (informal)
I will follow to see you in another ten minutes.
3 more examplesShow less
His car was in the right lane behind the bus.
The party starts at six, followed by performances.
การประกาศgaan-bprà-gàatรางวัลraang-wanจะjàเรียงลำดับriiang-lam-dàpตามdtaamรายชื่อraai-chʉ̂ʉผู้pûuได้รับเชิญdâi-ráp-chəənและlɛ́คณะká-náจะjàเดินขึ้นdəən-kʉ̂nเวทีwee-tiiตามหลังdtaam-lǎngประธานbprà-taan
The awards will be presented in the order of the invited names, and the committee will walk onto the stage after the chairperson.
4VerbB1
[to] comply with; abide by; obey
To act in accordance with rules, instructions, advice, or a plan.
Examples
โปรดbpròotโปรดbpròot1please (formal/request)2favor; like; be fond of (formal)3favorite; preferredทำตามtam-dtaamทำตามtam-dtaam1follow; comply; obey2[to] imitate [sb]; copy; do likewise3conform to; follow a modelขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔn1step; stage (in a process)2procedure; process stepsในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)คู่มือkûu-mʉʉคู่มือkûu-mʉʉmanual; handbookทีละtii-láทีละtii-láone at a time; each; perข้อkɔ̂ɔข้อkɔ̂ɔ1item; point; clause2classifier: items/points/clauses/questions3joint (anatomy)4condition; term5node; joint; segment (botany/zoology)
Please follow the steps in the manual one by one.
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หากhàakเราraoดำเนินงานdam-nəən-ngaanตามdtaamแผนpɛ̌ɛnนี้níiอย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krátโครงการkroong-gaanจะjàเสร็จsètตรงเวลาdtrong-wee-laa
If we carry out the work strictly according to this plan, the project will be finished on time.
นักเรียนnák-riianต้องdtɔ̂ngทำตามtam-dtaamคำแนะนำkam-nɛ́-namของkɔ̌ɔngครูkruuเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangข้อผิดพลาดkɔ̂ɔ-pìt-plâatซ้ำsámเดิมdəəm
Students must follow the teacher’s instructions to avoid repeating the same mistakes.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtกำหนดgam-nòtให้hâiพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanปฏิบัติตามbpà-dtì-bàt-dtaamแนวทางnɛɛo-taangความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiอย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krátแม้mɛ́ɛในnaiสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanกดดันgòt-dan
The company requires employees to adhere to safety guidelines strictly, even under pressure.
5PrepositionB1
along; along (a path); following (direction)
Preposition indicating movement or position along a path, route, or surface; also sequentially following something.
Examples
เดินไปdəən-bpaiเดินไปdəən-bpai[to] walk to [somewhere]ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)ถนนtà-nǒnถนนtà-nǒnroad; streetอีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondบล็อกblɔ́kบล็อกblɔ́k1block (solid piece)2[to] block; obstruct3blog; weblog4[to] block (digital/social media)5engine block; block (mechanical)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เลี้ยวขวาlíiao-kwǎaเลี้ยวขวาlíiao-kwǎa[to] turn right
Walk along the road for two more blocks, then turn right.
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เขาkǎoวิ่งตามwîng-dtaamทางเดินtaang-dəənริมคลองrim-klɔɔngจนถึงjon-tʉ̌ngสวนสาธารณะsǔuan-sǎa-taa-rá-ná
He ran along the walkway by the canal until he reached the park.
Please arrange the documents in page order and submit them to the teacher.
ขบวนkà-buuanรถจักรยานrót-jàk-grà-yaanปั่นbpànไปตามbpai-dtaamแนวnɛɛoชายฝั่งchaai-fàngแล้วlɛ́ɛoตามด้วยdtaam-dûuaiรถrótบริการbɔɔ-rí-gaanปิดท้ายbpìt-táaiขบวนkà-buuan
The cycling convoy rode along the coastline, followed by a service vehicle at the end.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtaam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |