ทั้ง
tángMeanings
1determinerA2
whole; entire
denotes the entirety of a single thing or period (e.g., the whole day, the entire book)
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)อ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ[to] read; [to] studyเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, carts
I read this entire book.
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Yesterday I worked the whole day.
He watched the series the entire night until his eyes were red.
This school break I want to practice English for the entire month.
2determinerA2
all
marks the totality of a group or amount (often used before classifiers or nouns)
Examples
นักเรียนnák-riianนักเรียนnák-riianschool student; pupilทั้งหมดtáng-mòtทั้งหมดtáng-mòt1all; entire; whole2all; in total; completely3the whole; everythingมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at present
All the students came to school today.
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He bought all three shirts and both pairs of pants.
We invited all ten classmates to the party.
ผู้เข้าร่วมpûu-kâo-rûuamทั้งห้าtáng-hâaสิบsìpคนkonต้องdtɔ̂ngลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biianก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มงานrə̂əm-ngaan
All fifty participants must register before the event starts.
3determinerA2
both
refers to two items together; often used with คู่คู่kûu1in pairs; double2[to] pair; match3pair; couple4classifier for pairs or with a pair/list of two
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)ถุงเท้าtǔng-táaoถุงเท้าtǔng-táaosockทั้งคู่táng-kûuทั้งคู่táng-kûu1both (of them)2both (post-nominal)
He put on both socks.
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The teacher called both of them to the front of the class.
ฉันchănชอบchôpดูdooทั้งtángภาพยนตร์pâap-pá-yonไทยtaiและláeภาพยนตร์pâap-pá-yonเกาหลีgao lĕeพอporๆ-กันgan
I like watching both Thai and Korean movies equally.
งานngaanนี้níiต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiทั้งtángมือซ้ายmʉʉ-sáaiและlɛ́มือขวาmʉʉ-kwǎaประกอบชิ้นbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-chínส่วนsùuanไปพร้อมกันbpai-prɔ́ɔm-gan
This task requires using both the left and right hands to assemble the parts at the same time.
4AdverbB1
altogether; entirely
as an adverb meaning in total or completely
Examples
รวมruuamรวมruuam1[to] include; contain2[to] gather; combine; consolidate3total; sum; aggregate4in total; altogether; overall5combined; total; overallแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)จ่ายjàaiจ่ายjàai1[to] pay2[to] disburse; distribute (funds/resources)3[to] spend (money)ทั้งสิ้นtáng-sînทั้งสิ้นtáng-sîn1all; in total2entirely; completelyห้าร้อยhâa-rɔ́ɔiห้าร้อยhâa-rɔ́ɔifive hundred; 500บาทbàatบาทbàat1baht (Thai currency unit)2baht (classifier for Thai currency amounts)3foot (literary)
In total, pay five hundred baht.
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The project summary is done; we are completely ready with both documents and files.
After cleaning, the room looks completely neat.
หลังlǎngปรับbpràpระบบrá-bòpใหม่màiการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanลื่นไหลlʉ̂ʉn-lǎiโดยdooiทั้งหมดtáng-mòtไม่มีปัญหาmâi-mii-bpan-hǎaค้างคาkáang-kaa
After revamping the system, operations are completely smooth with no lingering issues.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
táng
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |