ต้นทุน
dtôn-tunMeanings
1NounB1
cost; cost of production
the cost required to produce goods or services; production cost or cost base
Examples
ร้านráanร้านráan1shop; store2restaurant; eatery3booth; stallเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toคำนวณkam-nuuanคำนวณkam-nuuan1[to] calculate; compute2[to] estimate; figureต้นทุนdtôn-tunต้นทุนdtôn-tun1cost; cost of production2starting advantage/disadvantage; baselineวัตถุดิบwát-tù-dìpวัตถุดิบwát-tù-dìpraw material; ingredientก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; pilesราคาขายraa-kaa-kǎaiราคาขายraa-kaa-kǎai1selling price2asking/offer price
Our shop must calculate the cost of raw materials before setting the selling price.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaต้นทุนการผลิตdtôn-tun-gaan-pà-lìtเพิ่มpə̂əmโรงงานroong-ngaanจึงjʉngปรับbpràpสูตรsùutเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดlótค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàai
When production costs increased, the factory adjusted the formula to reduce expenses.
โครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiขาดทุนkàat-tunเพราะprɔ́ประเมินbprà-məənต้นทุนdtôn-tunคงที่kong-tîiต่ำdtàmเกินไปgəən-bpai
This project lost money because the fixed costs were underestimated.
หากhàakเราraoควบคุมkûuap-kumต้นทุนdtôn-tunต่อdtɔ̀ɔหน่วยnùuaiได้ดีdâai-diiราคาขายraa-kaa-kǎaiสามารถsǎa-mâatแข่งขันkɛ̀ng-kǎnในnaiตลาดdtà-làatได้dâaiมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
If we control the unit cost well, the selling price can be more competitive in the market.
2NounB2
starting advantage/disadvantage; baseline
the initial resources, position, or conditions someone starts with, giving an advantage or disadvantage (literal or figurative)
Examples
เธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoต้นทุนdtôn tunต้นทุนdtôn tun1cost; cost of production2starting advantage/disadvantage; baselineคือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.ครอบครัวkrôp kruuaครอบครัวkrôp kruuafamily; householdที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสนับสนุนsà-nàp-sà-nŭnสนับสนุนsà-nàp-sà-nŭn1[to] support; back; endorse2[to] sponsor; fund3[to] advocate; promoteจึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)กล้าglâaกล้าglâa1brave; courageous2to dare3seedling; young plant4bravely; boldlyลองlongลองlong[to] try; attemptทำธุรกิจtam tú-rá-gìtทำธุรกิจtam tú-rá-gìt[to] do business; run/operate a business; engage in commerceเล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a little
She has the initial advantage of a supportive family, so she dares to try a small business.
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ผมpǒmเริ่มงานrə̂əm-ngaanด้วยdûuaiต้นทุนdtôn-tunทักษะták-sàภาษาpaa-sǎaจึงjʉngรับมือráp-mʉʉกับgàpลูกค้าlûuk-káaต่างชาติdtàang-châatได้dâaiไม่ยากmâi-yâak
I started with the advantage of language skills, so dealing with foreign clients was not difficult.
เด็กdèkบางคนbaang-konมีmiiต้นทุนdtôn-tunทางสังคมtaang-sǎng-komสูงกว่าsǔung-gwàaทำให้tam-hâiเข้าถึงkâo-tʉ̌ngโอกาสoo-gàatฝึกงานfʉ̀k-ngaanที่ดีtîi-diiได้dâaiง่ายขึ้นngâai-kʉ̂n
Some children start with higher social capital, making it easier to access good internship opportunities.
แม้mɛ́ɛเขาkǎoมีmiiต้นทุนdtôn-tunชีวิตchii-wítไม่มากmâi-mâakแต่dtɛ̀ɛความขยันkwaam-kà-yǎnและlɛ́เครือข่ายkrʉʉa-kàaiที่tîiสร้างsâangเองeengช่วยให้chûuai-hâiก้าวหน้าgâao-nâaเร็วreo
Even though he didn’t start with much in life, his diligence and self-built network helped him advance quickly.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dtôn
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ทุนtunทุนtun1scholarship; grant2capital; funds3principal; cost basis4natural endowmentscholarship; grantPart 2
ต้นทุนdtôn-tunต้นทุนdtôn-tuncost; cost of productioncost; cost of productionWord