ปม
bpomMeanings
1NounA2
knot (rope/thread)
A tie or fastening made by looping and tightening a rope, string, or thread.
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herผูกpùukผูกpùuk1[to] tie [sth]; fasten [sth]2[to] bind; connect; associate3[to] obligate; bind; commit4[to] compose; deviseเชือกchʉ̂ʉakเชือกchʉ̂ʉak1rope; cord; line2classifier for domesticated elephantsเป็นปมbpen-bpomเป็นปมbpen-bpom1[to] be knotted; tangled2[to] be a complicated issueแน่นnɛ̂nแน่นnɛ̂n1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)
She tied the rope in a tight knot.
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My shoe came loose because the knot in the lace wasn’t tight.
Mom taught me to tie a firm knot in the thread before sewing.
ถ้าtâaผูกpùukปมเชือกbpom-chʉ̂ʉakแบบนี้bɛ̀ɛp-níiเวลาwee-laaต้องdtɔ̂ngแก้gɛ̂ɛก็gɔ̂จะjàดึงออกdʉng-ɔ̀ɔkได้dâaiง่ายngâai
If you tie the knot like this, it will be easy to undo when needed.
2NounB2
knot; knob (wood/biology)
A hard lump or node, such as a knot in wood or a small swelling in tissue.
Examples
ช่างไม้châng-máaiช่างไม้châng-máaicarpenter; woodworkerบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatแผ่นpɛ̀nแผ่นpɛ̀n1sheet; slab; panel2classifier for flat items3disc; recordนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีปมmii-bpomมีปมmii-bpom1[to] have a knot; be knotted2[to] have a hang-up; [to] have a complexไม้máaiไม้máai1wood; timber2stick; rod; club; bat3classifier: skewers of food4tone/diacritic mark (Thai orthography)5tool; implementหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalจุดjùtจุดjùt1dot; spot; speck2point (location/time)3[to] light; ignite4point (argument/aspect)5decimal point6degree (° symbol)7point (classifier for small dots/points)ทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ขัดผิวkàt-pǐuขัดผิวkàt-pǐu1[to] exfoliate [sb]'s skin; [to] do a body scrub2a body scrub; skin exfoliationให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)เรียบrîiapเรียบrîiap1smooth; even; flat2plain; unadorned3neat; orderly; trim4completely; all gone5quiet; subdued (tone/style)6[to] be smooth; be even; lie flatยากyâakยากyâak1difficult; hard2unlikely; hard to imagine happening3poor; impoverished (dated/formal)ขึ้นkʉ̂nขึ้นkʉ̂n1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country
The carpenter said this board has several wood knots, making it harder to sand smooth.
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หมอmŏrตรวจdtrùuatเจอjerปมbpomเล็กlékๆ-ใต้dtâiผิวหนังpĭw năngและláeนัดnátให้มาhâi maaติดตามdtìt dtaamอาการaa-gaanอีกครั้งèek kráng
The doctor found a small lump under the skin and scheduled a follow-up.
ประตูbprà-dtuuที่têeทำจากtam jàakไม้máiเก่าgàoมีปมmee bpomแข็งkăengเป็นดวงbpen duuangๆ-ทำให้tam hâiสีsĕeไม่ติดmâi dtìtสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mĕr
The old wooden door has hard knots in patches, causing the paint to adhere unevenly.
ก้อนgɔ̂ɔnปมbpomที่tîiต่อมน้ำเหลืองdtɔ̀ɔm-náam-lʉ̌ʉangยังคงyang-kongตึงdtʉngและlɛ́แข็งkɛ̌ngแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàกินยาgin-yaaตามที่dtaam-tîiแพทย์pɛ̂ɛtสั่งsàngอย่างเคร่งครัดyàang-krêeng-krát
The nodular swelling at the lymph node remains taut and hard despite strictly following the prescribed medication.
3NounB2
problematic point; snag
A complicated point or entanglement in a situation that is difficult to resolve.
Examples
คดีká-diiคดีká-diilegal case; lawsuitนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีปมmii-bpomมีปมmii-bpom1[to] have a knot; be knotted2[to] have a hang-up; [to] have a complexซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔncomplex; complicatedเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingคำให้การของพยานkam-hâi-gaan-kɔ̌ɔng-pá-yaanคำให้การของพยานkam-hâi-gaan-kɔ̌ɔng-pá-yaanwitness testimonyขัดกันเองkàt-gan-eengขัดกันเองkàt-gan-eeng[to] contradict oneself; [to] be internally inconsistent
This case has a complicated entanglement because the witnesses’ testimonies contradict each other.
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ปัญหาbpan-hǎaในnaiครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaกลายเป็นglaai-bpenปมbpomซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnที่tîiไม่มีmâi-miiใครkraiกล้าglâaพูดถึงpûut-tʉ̌ng
The family issue has become a complicated entanglement that no one dares to talk about.
การเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaติดdtìtปมbpomเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaคู่กรณีkûu-gɔɔ-rá-niiไม่mâiยอมyɔɔmประนีประนอมbprà-nii-bprà-nɔɔmในnaiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiหลักlàk
The negotiations became entangled when the parties refused to compromise on the key terms.
แผนpɛ̌ɛnฟื้นฟูfʉ́ʉn-fuuองค์กรong-gɔɔnสะดุดsà-dùtเพราะprɔ́ปมbpomทางกฎหมายtaang-gòt-mǎaiที่tîiตีความdtii-kwaamได้dâaiหลายlǎaiแบบbɛ̀ɛp
The corporate recovery plan hit a snag due to a legal complication open to multiple interpretations.
4NounC1
complex (psychology)
An underlying psychological conflict or fixation that causes emotional difficulty.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)มีปมmii-bpomมีปมmii-bpom1[to] have a knot; be knotted2[to] have a hang-up; [to] have a complexจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-pan1relationship; relations (people/groups)2connection; association; correlation (things/data)3mathematical relationในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuafamily; householdทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ไว้ใจwái-jaiไว้ใจwái-jai[to] trust; rely onคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleง่ายngâaiง่ายngâai1easy; simple2easily; readily
He still has a psychological complex from family relationships, which makes him distrust people easily.
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ปมbpomในnaiวัยเด็กwai-dèkที่tîiไม่เคยmâi-kəəiได้รับdâi-rápการยอมรับgaan-yɔɔm-rápทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangการแสดงgaan-sà-dɛɛngความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâatต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn
A childhood complex of never being accepted makes her avoid showing her abilities in front of others.
แม้máeจะjàประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp kwaam săm-rètเขาkăoยังyangถูกtòokปมbpomเรื่องrêuuangคุณค่าkun-ná-kâaในตัวเองnai dtuua ayngกดทับgòt tápจนjonไม่mâiกล้าglâaรับคำráp kamชมchom
Even though he is successful, he is still oppressed by a self-worth complex to the point that he doesn't dare accept compliments.
การบำบัดgaan-bam-bàtช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเธอtəəมองเห็นmɔɔng-hěnปมbpomที่tîiซ่อนอยู่sɔ̂ɔn-yùuซึ่งsʉ̂ngเชื่อมโยงchʉ̂ʉam-yoongความกลัวkwaam-gluuaการgaanถูกtùukทอดทิ้งtɔ̂ɔt-tíngกับgàpรูปแบบrûup-bɛ̀ɛpความรักkwaam-rákที่tîiเป็นพิษbpen-pít
Therapy helped her see the hidden complex that links fear of abandonment to toxic patterns of love.
5NounC1
plot complication; unresolved mystery
A conflict, complication, or unresolved question in a story or mystery that drives interest and calls for resolution.
Examples
จดหมายjòt-mǎaiจดหมายjòt-mǎailetter (mail)ใบbaiใบbai1leaf2sheet; slip; card; ticket; bill; receipt3classifier for leaves, paper items, containers, and certain other objects4license; permit; certificate5bladeเดียวdiiaoเดียวdiiaosingle; one; only; sameที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerตกอยู่dtòk-yùuตกอยู่dtòk-yùu1[to] find oneself in; end up in (a state/situation)2[to] be under the power/control/influence of [sb]/[sth]3[to] be in the possession/custody of [sb]/[sth]ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsคือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.ปมbpomปมbpom1knot (rope/thread)2knot; knob (wood/biology)3problematic point; snag4complex (psychology)5plot complication; unresolved mysteryสำคัญsǎm-kanสำคัญsǎm-kan1important; significant; essential2[to] think; assume; suppose (often mistakenly)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)เริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toคลี่คลายklîi-klaaiคลี่คลายklîi-klaai1[to] ease; subside; be resolved2[to] unfold; unravel; work out
The single letter that was left in the room is the key clue that starts to unravel the story.
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คำkamสารภาพsăa-rá-pâapสั้นsânๆ-ของkŏngพยานpá-yaanกลายเป็นglaai bpenปมbpomที่têeผลักplàkให้hâiสืบสวนsèup-sŭuanเดินหน้าdern nâaไปbpaiอีกèekขั้นkân
The brief confession of the witness became a clue that pushed the investigation forward another step.
เงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanเวลาที่wee-laa-tîiไม่ลงรอยกันmâi-long-rɔɔi-ganเป็นปมbpen-bpomชี้นำchíi-namให้เราhâi-raoเห็นว่าhěn-wâaมีmiiใครบางคนkrai-baang-konปกปิดbpòk-bpìtความจริงkwaam-jing
The inconsistent timeline is a guiding key point that lets us see someone is hiding the truth.
ภาพวาดpâap-wâatที่tîiแขวนkwɛ̌ɛnกลับหัวglàp-hǔuaอยู่ในyùu-naiห้องสมุดhɔ̂ng-sà-mùtคือkʉʉปมbpomที่ซ่อนtîi-sɔ̂ɔnนัยสำคัญnai-sǎm-kanเปิดทางbpə̀ət-taangให้เราhâi-raoแกะรหัสgɛ̀-rá-hàtทั้งtángคดีká-dii
The painting hung upside down in the library is a clue laden with significance, paving the way for us to decode the entire case.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
bpom
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |