แม้
mɛ́ɛMeanings
1ConjunctionB1
even if; although; even though
introduces a hypothetical or actual concession, often in the pattern แม้แม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2even…ก็ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption marker… (‘even if/though … still …’)
Examples
แม้máeแม้máe1even if; although; even though2evenเธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เหนื่อยมากnèuua-i mâakเหนื่อยมากnèuua-i mâakvery tired; exhaustedเธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]เพื่อนpêuuanเพื่อนpêuuan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeรายงานraai-ngaanรายงานraai-ngaan1report (document/account)2[to] report; inform officiallyจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเสร็จsètเสร็จsèt1finished; done2[to] finish; be done3done for; screwed (slang)4[to] reach orgasm; come (informal, euphemistic)
Even though she was very tired, she still helped her friend finish the report.
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แม้máeผมpŏmจะjàเคยkoeiล้มเหลวlóm lěoหลายlăaiครั้งkrángผมก็pŏm gôrยังyangไม่mâiยอมyomเลิกlêrkพยายามpà-yaa-yaam
Even though I have failed many times, I still refuse to stop trying.
แม้mɛ́ɛโครงการkroong-gaanจะjàถูกtùukวิจารณ์wí-jaanอย่างหนักyàang-nàkทีมงานtiim-ngaanก็gɔ̂ยังyangเดินหน้าdəən-nâaต่อด้วยdtɔ̀ɔ-dûuaiแผนที่pɛ̌ɛn-tîiปรับปรุงใหม่bpràp-bprung-mài
Even though the project was heavily criticized, the team still moved forward with a revised plan.
Even though it’s raining, he still goes to work as usual.
แม้máeฉันchănจะjàเหนื่อยมากnèuua-i mâakฉันchănก็gâwจะjàอ่านหนังสือàan năng-sĕuให้hâiจบjòpคืนนี้keun néeให้ได้hâi dâi
Even though I’m very tired, I will still manage to finish reading tonight.
แม้mɛ́ɛทีมเราtiim-raoจะjàแพ้pɛ́ɛเราraoก็ได้gɔ̂-dâaiเรียนรู้riian-rúuจุดอ่อนjùt-ɔ̀ɔnของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eeng
Even though our team lost, we still learned our weaknesses.
แม้mɛ́ɛโครงการkroong-gaanจะjàเผชิญpà-chəənอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangเราraoก็gɔ̂ยังyangยืนยันyʉʉn-yanเดินหน้าdəən-nâaตามdtaamแผนpɛ̌ɛn
Even though the project faces many obstacles, we still insist on moving forward as planned.
2AdverbB2
even
emphasizer meaning ‘even’ before nouns or phrases; often in pairs such as แม้แม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2even...ก็ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption marker..., แม้แต่แม้แต่mɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛeven (emphasizing an extreme or unlikely example)
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenเด็กเล็กdèk-lékเด็กเล็กdèk-lékyoung child; toddlerก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardเข้าใจkâo-jaiเข้าใจkâo-jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])แนวคิดnɛɛo-kítแนวคิดnɛɛo-kít1concept; idea; notion2approach; perspective3school of thought; set of ideasนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
Even small children can understand this concept.
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เขาkǎoให้ความสำคัญhâi-kwaam-sǎm-kanกับgàpรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatแม้mɛ́ɛจุดjùtเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiก็gɔ̂ยังyangไม่mâiมองข้ามmɔɔng-kâam
He pays attention to details; he doesn't overlook even minor points.
แม้แต่mɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛผู้เชี่ยวชาญpûu-chîiao-chaanก็gɔ̂ยังyangยอมรับyɔɔm-rápว่าwâaปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔn
Even experts admit that this problem is complex.
โครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiเปิดรับbpə̀ət-rápทุกคนtúk-konแม้mɛ́ɛผู้ที่pûu-tîiไม่mâiมีประสบการณ์mii-bprà-sòp-gaanก็gɔ̂ยังyangสมัครsà-màkได้dâai
This program is open to everyone; even those without experience can apply.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
mɛ́ɛ
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |