ต่อหน้า
dtɔ̀ɔ-nâaMeanings
1AdverbB1
in front of; to someone's face
openly and directly in a person's presence
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)ตำหนิdtam-nìตำหนิdtam-nì1[to] criticize; reproach; blame2fault; defect; blemish (esp. mark on an object)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâa1in front of; to someone's face2before; in the presence ofเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: rooms
The teacher scolded me openly in front of the whole class.
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ถ้าtâaคุณkunมีmeeข้อเสนอแนะkôr sà-nĕr náeบอกbòkเขาkăoตรงๆdtrong dtrongต่อหน้าdtò nâaเลยloieจะjàชัดเจนchát-jenกว่าgwàa
If you have feedback, tell him directly to his face; it will be clearer.
She dared to apologize to him directly to his face, which shows sincerity.
ผมpǒmขอkɔ̌ɔชี้แจงchíi-jɛɛngข้อเท็จจริงkɔ̂ɔ-tét-jingต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaทุกคนtúk-konเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiทุกอย่างtúk-yàangโปร่งใสbpròong-sǎiและlɛ́ตรงไปตรงมาdtrong-bpai-dtrong-maa
I would like to clarify the facts openly before everyone to ensure transparency and directness.
2PrepositionB1
before; in the presence of
before; in the presence of [sb], indicating something is done openly while that person is there
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)ขอkŏrขอkŏr1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forพูดpôotพูดpôot1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutเรื่องงานrêuuang ngaanเรื่องงานrêuuang ngaanwork matters; businessของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsเธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herต่อหน้าdtò nâaต่อหน้าdtò nâa1in front of; to someone's face2before; in the presence ofเพื่อนๆpêuuan pêuuanเพื่อนๆpêuuan pêuuanfriends (plural)เพื่อให้pêuua hâiเพื่อให้pêuua hâiso that; in order thatทุกคนtúk konทุกคนtúk koneveryone; everybodyเข้าใจkâo jaiเข้าใจkâo jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])
The teacher wants to talk about your work in front of your classmates so everyone understands.
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เขาkǎoขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôotผมpǒmต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaเจ้านายjâo-naaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแสดงsà-dɛɛngความจริงใจkwaam-jing-jai
He apologized to me in front of the boss to show sincerity.
We shouldn’t criticize each other harshly in front of others.
เธอtəəกล้าglâaพูดpûutความจริงkwaam-jingต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaคณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเสี่ยงsìiangต่อdtɔ̀ɔผลกระทบpǒn-grà-tópตามมาdtaam-maa
She dared to speak the truth before the committee, even at the risk of consequences.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
dtɔ̀ɔ
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extend[to] continue; go onPart 1
+
ต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâain front of; to someone's facein front of; to someone's faceWord