แข็ง
kɛ̌ngMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
hard; solid
firm and not soft; in a solid state
Examples
น้ำแข็งnáam-kɛ̌ngน้ำแข็งnáam-kɛ̌ngiceในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)แก้วgɛ̂ɛoแก้วgɛ̂ɛo1drinking glass2glass (material)3classifier: glasses of drink4crystal; precious gemยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)แข็งkɛ̌ngแข็งkɛ̌ng1hard; solid2stiff; rigid; firm3strong; tough (person/stance)4frozen5erectอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remain
The ice in the glass is still solid.
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The jelly wasn't chilled enough; it's not firm yet.
Let the cement dry overnight until it hardens.
ช็อกโกแลตchɔ́k-goo-lɛ́tละลายlá-laaiแล้วlɛ́ɛoเอาaoกลับไปglàp-bpaiแช่chɛ̂ɛให้hâiแข็งkɛ̌ngเป็นbpenก้อนgɔ̂ɔnเดิมdəəm
The chocolate melted, then we chilled it again to make it solid like before.
ข้าวkâaoในnaiหม้อmɔ̂ɔอุ่นùnทิ้งไว้tíng-wáiทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnจนjonแข็งkɛ̌ngกินginแล้วlɛ́ɛoไม่mâiอร่อยà-rɔ̀i
The rice left in the cooker overnight became hard and is not tasty to eat.
ข้าวkâaoที่เหลือtîi-lʉ̌ʉaจากjàakเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเอามาao-maaอุ่นùnแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂ยังyangแข็งkɛ̌ngอยู่yùuคงkongต้องdtɔ̂ngเติมdtəəmน้ำnáamเพิ่มpə̂əm
The leftover rice from yesterday is still hard even after warming; we probably need to add more water.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakวางwaangข้าวkâaoไว้wáiให้hâiเย็นyenโดยdooiไม่mâiปิดbpìtฝาfǎaเม็ดข้าวmét-kâaoจะjàแข็งkɛ̌ngและlɛ́แห้งhɛ̂ɛngทำให้tam-hâiรสสัมผัสrót-sǎm-pàtด้อยลงdɔ̂ɔi-long
After leaving rice to cool without covering it, the grains become hard and dry, resulting in an inferior texture.
2AdjectiveB1
stiff; rigid; firm
not flexible or easy to move; firm in shape or behavior
Examples
ไม้บรรทัดmáai-ban-tátไม้บรรทัดmáai-ban-tátruler; straightedgeอันนี้an-níiอันนี้an-níithis; this one (near the speaker)แข็งkɛ̌ngแข็งkɛ̌ng1hard; solid2stiff; rigid; firm3strong; tough (person/stance)4frozen5erectไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)งอngɔɔงอngɔɔ1[to] bend; curve2[to] be bent; be curved3bent; curvedได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
This ruler is rigid and doesn't bend easily.
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หมวกกันน็อกmùuak-gan-nɔ́kที่ดีtîi-diiควรkuuanแข็งkɛ̌ngพอpɔɔที่จะtîi-jàปกป้องbpòk-bpɔ̂ngศีรษะsǐi-sàเวลาwee-laaเกิดอุบัติเหตุgə̀ət-ù-bàt-dtì-hèet
A good helmet should be rigid enough to protect the head in an accident.
กฎgòtของkɔ̌ɔngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangแข็งkɛ̌ngทำให้tam-hâiปรับbpràpเวลาwee-laaเข้างานkâo-ngaanยากyâak
The company's rules are rather inflexible, making it hard to adjust work hours.
โครงสร้างkroong-sâangสะพานsà-paanต้องdtɔ̂ngแข็งkɛ̌ngและlɛ́ไม่mâiบิดbìtตัวdtuuaแม้mɛ́ɛมีmiiแรงลมrɛɛng-lomแรงจัดrɛɛng-jàt
The bridge structure must be rigid and not twist even under strong winds.
3AdjectiveB1
strong; tough (person/stance)
showing strength, toughness, or strictness in character or attitude
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)คนนี้kon-níiคนนี้kon-níithis personดุdùดุdù1strict; stern; scolding2fierce; aggressive; ferocious3[to] scold; rebukeมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)วินัยwí-naiวินัยwí-nai1discipline; self-discipline2disciplinary rules; code of conduct3monastic discipline (Buddhism)แข็งkɛ̌ngแข็งkɛ̌ng1hard; solid2stiff; rigid; firm3strong; tough (person/stance)4frozen5erectไม่ยอมให้mâi-yɔɔm-hâiไม่ยอมให้mâi-yɔɔm-hâi[to] refuse to let [sb] do [sth]; [to] not allow [sth]เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young person (informal)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7string; strap; band8lineage; affiliation; branch9classifier for rivers and streams
This teacher is very strict and firm about discipline, not allowing students to be late.
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หัวหน้าhǔua-nâaขายkǎaiแข็งkɛ̌ngกับgàpเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเป้าหมายbpâo-mǎaiย้ำyámว่าwâaต้องdtɔ̂ngทำtamให้ได้hâi-dâaiตามdtaamตัวเลขdtuua-lêek
The sales manager is tough about targets, insisting that the numbers must be met.
พ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเลี้ยงlíiangแบบbɛ̀ɛpแข็งkɛ̌ngในnaiกฎgòtระบุrá-bùชัดเจนchát-jeenว่าwâaอะไรà-raiทำได้tam-dâaiและlɛ́ทำtamไม่ได้mâi-dâai
His parents are strict with rules, clearly stating what is allowed and what is not.
ผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanแสดงsà-dɛɛngจุดยืนjùt-yʉʉnที่tîiแข็งkɛ̌ngต่อdtɔ̀ɔการทุจริตgaan-tút-jà-rìtประกาศbprà-gàatว่าwâaจะjàลงโทษlong-tôotอย่างเด็ดขาดyàang-dèt-kàat
The executives took a tough stance against corruption, announcing that they would impose strict penalties.
4AdjectiveB1
frozen
made hard by cold; turned solid from freezing
Examples
น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ถังtǎngถังtǎng1container; bucket; bin; tank2classifier: buckets, bins, drums and tanksแช่แข็งchɛ̂ɛ-kɛ̌ngแช่แข็งchɛ̂ɛ-kɛ̌ng1[to] freeze [sth]2frozen3[to] freeze (assets/prices); [to] suspend changeจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)น้ำแข็งnáam-kɛ̌ngน้ำแข็งnáam-kɛ̌ngiceแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
The water in the freezer has frozen solid.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaอุณหภูมิun-hà-puumลดลงlót-longต่ำกว่าdtàm-gwàa0องศาong-sǎaน้ำnáamก็gɔ̂จะjàแข็งkɛ̌ngทันทีtan-tii
When the temperature drops below 0 degrees, water freezes immediately.
It was very cold last night; the pond in front of the house froze into a sheet.
ถ้าtâaทิ้งtíngซุปsúpไว้wáiกลางแจ้งglaang jâengในnaiอากาศaa-gàatติดลบdtìt lópซุปsúpจะjàค่อยๆkôi kôiแข็งkăengและláeกลายเป็นglaai bpenก้อนgôn
If you leave soup outdoors in subzero weather, it will gradually freeze and turn into a block.
5AdjectiveC1
erect
of the penis, firm and enlarged
Examples
พอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenเห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard asแฟนfɛɛnแฟนfɛɛn1romantic partner2fan; supporterในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ชุดchútชุดchút1set; collection2outfit; suit; uniform3classifier for sets/outfits/equipment4series; batchนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerแข็งkɛ̌ngแข็งkɛ̌ng1hard; solid2stiff; rigid; firm3strong; tough (person/stance)4frozen5erectทันทีtan-tiiทันทีtan-tiiimmediately; at onceจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toหันไปhǎn-bpaiหันไปhǎn-bpai1[to] turn (physically) toward another direction2[to] turn to; switch to; shift toward (fig.)หลบlòpหลบlòp1[to] dodge; avoid2[to] hide; take cover3[to] evade; elude
As soon as he saw his partner in that outfit, he got hard immediately and had to turn away.
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หมอmɔ̌ɔถามtǎamว่าwâaเขาkǎoแข็งkɛ̌ngได้dâaiหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâiในnaiตอนเช้าdtɔɔn-cháoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaประเมินbprà-məənปัญหาbpan-hǎaทางเพศtaang-pêet
The doctor asked if he gets hard in the morning to assess sexual issues.
เขาkǎoพยายามpá-yaa-yaamไม่mâiคิดkítเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนั้นnánในnaiที่สาธารณะtîi-sǎa-taa-rá-náเพราะprɔ́กลัวgluuaจะjàเผลอplə̌əแข็งkɛ̌ngจนjonรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kอายaai
He tries not to think about that in public for fear of unintentionally getting hard and feeling embarrassed.
ระหว่างrá-wàangการบำบัดgaan-bam-bàtนักจิตวิทยาnák-jìt-dtà-wít-tá-yaaอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaความเครียดkwaam-krîiatอาจàatทำให้tam-hâiแข็งkɛ̌ngได้dâaiยากyâakหรือrʉ̌ʉแข็งkɛ̌ngไม่ต่อเนื่องmâi-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉang
During therapy, the psychologist explained that stress can make it hard to get an erection or to stay hard.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
kɛ̌ng
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |