ซึ่ง
sʉ̂ngMeanings
1PronounB1
which; that (relative pronoun)
links a noun to a clause giving more information about it; often formal/written
Examples
บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainใกล้glâiใกล้glâi1near; close (in distance/time/resemblance)2[to] be near; be close toสถานีรถไฟsà-tǎa-nii-rót-faiสถานีรถไฟsà-tǎa-nii-rót-faitrain station; railway stationเงียบสงบngîiap-sà-ngòpเงียบสงบngîiap-sà-ngòpquiet; peacefulดีdiiดีdii1good; of good quality2kind; virtuous3well; nicely4gall; bile
This house, which is near the train station, is quite peaceful.
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หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉเล่มlêmนั้นnánซึ่งsʉ̂ngฉันchǎnยืมyʉʉmจากjàakห้องสมุดhɔ̂ng-sà-mùtอธิบายà-tí-baaiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiชัดเจนchát-jeen
That book, which I borrowed from the library, explains this topic clearly.
โครงการkroong-gaanใหม่màiซึ่งsʉ̂ngเริ่มrə̂əmเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเดือนที่แล้วdʉʉan-tîi-lɛ́ɛoต้องการdtɔ̂ng-gaanอาสาสมัครaa-sǎa-sà-màkเพิ่มpə̂əm
The new project, which started last month, needs more volunteers.
หลักฐานlàk-tǎanชุดchútนี้níiซึ่งsʉ̂ngรวบรวมrûuap-ruuamจากjàakหลายlǎaiแหล่งlɛ̀ngที่tîiเชื่อถือได้chʉ̂ʉa-tʉ̌ʉ-dâaiช่วยchûuaiยืนยันyʉʉn-yanข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpของkɔ̌ɔngคณะทำงานká-ná-tam-ngaan
This set of evidence, which was gathered from several reliable sources, helps confirm the committee’s conclusion.
2ConjunctionB2
which/and this; introducing explanation
introduces a clause that explains, specifies, or comments on the previous statement (formal; often like “which is…” or “and this…”)
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉan1[to] slide; move along; move (something) smoothly2[to] scroll3[to] shift; move (time/place)4[to] postpone; delay5[to] be promoted; advanceประชุมbprà-chumประชุมbprà-chum1meeting; conference2[to] meet; hold a meetingออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3[to] lead out to; extend toหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostชั่วโมงchûua-moongชั่วโมงchûua-moong1hour (60 minutes)2classifier: hours of timeซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ทุกคนtúk-konทุกคนtúk-koneveryone; everybodyมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesเตรียมตัวdtriiam-dtuuaเตรียมตัวdtriiam-dtuua[to] prepare oneself; get readyเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extra
We postponed the meeting by one hour, which gave everyone extra time to prepare.
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ฝนfǒnหยุดyùtตกdtòkแล้วlɛ́ɛoซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นข่าวbpen-kàaoดีdiiสำหรับsǎm-ràpคนkonที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngเดินทางdəən-taangตอนเย็นdtɔɔn-yen
The rain has stopped, which is good news for those who need to travel in the evening.
เขาkǎoตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiลาออกlaa-ɔ̀ɔkซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiที่tîiสะท้อนถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-tʉ̌ngความต้องการkwaam-dtɔ̂ng-gaanเริ่มต้นใหม่rə̂əm-dtôn-mài
He decided to resign, which is a decision that reflects a desire to start anew.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtประกาศbprà-gàatนโยบายná-yoo-baaiทำงานtam-ngaanแบบbɛ̀ɛpยืดหยุ่นyʉ̂ʉt-yùnซึ่งsʉ̂ngมีmiiเป้าหมายbpâo-mǎaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดlótความเครียดkwaam-krîiatและlɛ́เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพpə̂əm-bprà-sìt-tí-pâapของkɔ̌ɔngพนักงานpá-nák-ngaan
The company announced a flexible work policy, which aims to reduce stress and increase employee efficiency.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
sʉ̂ng
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |