การ
gaanMeanings
1ParticleB1
nominalizer
a prefix used to form nouns from verbs or adjectives, indicating the act, process, or state
Examples
การอ่านgaan-àanการอ่านgaan-àan1reading (the act/skill)2reading (pronunciation/interpretation of text)ทุกวันtúk-wanทุกวันtúk-wan1every day; daily2daily; occurring every dayช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]พัฒนาpát-tá-naaพัฒนาpát-tá-naa1[to] develop; improve2development (process)คำศัพท์kam-sàpคำศัพท์kam-sàp1vocabulary; lexicon2word; vocabulary item; term
Reading every day helps build vocabulary.
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Exercising regularly makes it easier to sleep.
การทำงานเป็นทีมgaan-tam-ngaan-bpen-tiimช่วยchûuaiลดlótความผิดพลาดkwaam-pìt-plâatและlɛ́เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพpə̂əm-bprà-sìt-tí-pâap
Working as a team helps reduce mistakes and increase efficiency.
การสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanอย่างตรงไปตรงมาyàang-dtrong-bpai-dtrong-maaช่วยchûuaiแก้gɛ̂ɛความเข้าใจผิดkwaam-kâo-jai-pìtได้dâaiอย่างรวดเร็วyàang-rûuat-reo
Direct communication helps resolve misunderstandings quickly.
2NounB1
work; business; task
Work, business, or an undertaking to be carried out.
Examples
พี่ชายpîi-chaaiพี่ชายpîi-chaaiolder brother; elder male siblingฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoงานการngaan-gaanงานการngaan-gaanwork; job; employment; livelihood (colloquial/usu. in phrases)ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
My older brother has a job now.
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He's been so busy with work lately that he barely has time to rest.
My mother wants me to have a stable job before getting married.
แม้mɛ́ɛการงานgaan-ngaanจะjàก้าวหน้าgâao-nâaไปbpaiมากmâakแต่dtɛ̀ɛเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangแบ่งเวลาbɛ̀ng-wee-laaให้hâiครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Although his career has advanced considerably, he still always makes time for his family.
3NounB2
affair; matter
a matter, issue, or topic, often in formal or official contexts
Examples
ตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níi1now; at the moment2this time/this moment (time noun)การสืบสวนgaan-sʉ̀ʉp-sǔuanการสืบสวนgaan-sʉ̀ʉp-sǔuan1investigation; inquiry2criminal investigationยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)ดำเนินdam-nəənดำเนินdam-nəən1[to] proceed; carry out; continue2[to] walk; move along (formal/literary)3[to] conduct; manage; administer (formal)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)สรุปผลsà-rùp-pǒnสรุปผลsà-rùp-pǒn1[to] summarize results; conclude2results summary; conclusion
The investigation is ongoing and has not yet concluded.
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The council will consider the matter of amending the law next week.
การร้องเรียนgaan-rɔ́ɔng-riianของkɔ̌ɔngชุมชนchum-chonกลายเป็นglaai-bpenประเด็นbprà-denที่tîiหน่วยงานรัฐnùuai-ngaan-rátต้องdtɔ̂ngเร่งrêngตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpข้อเท็จจริงkɔ̂ɔ-tét-jing
The community complaint became an issue that government agencies had to urgently investigate.
ประเด็นหลักbprà-den-làkคือkʉʉการจัดสรรgaan-jàt-sǎnงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangที่tîiมีผลกระทบmii-pǒn-grà-tópต่อdtɔ̀ɔหลายฝ่ายlǎai-fàai
The main issue is budget allocation, which is a matter that affects many parties.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |