เงื่อน
ngʉ̂ʉanMeanings
1NounA2
knot (rope); hitch
a fastening made by tying rope, string, or cord in a particular pattern; a knot or hitch
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillผูกpòokผูกpòok1[to] tie [sth]; fasten [sth]2[to] bind; connect; associate3[to] obligate; bind; commit4[to] compose; deviseเงื่อนngêuuanเงื่อนngêuuan1knot (rope); hitch2snag; complication; sticking point3condition; proviso (legal/contractual)ง่ายngâaiง่ายngâai1easy; simple2easily; readilyๆ-เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofมัดmátมัดmát1[to] tie; bind; bundle2bundle; bunch3classifier: bundles/bunches4classifier: muscles; muscle bundlesถุงtŭngถุงtŭng1bag; sack; pouch2classifier: bags; sacks; packets3condomให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)แน่นnâenแน่นnâen1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)
He tied a simple knot to secure the bag tightly.
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The instructor taught how to tie a fishhook knot for fishing.
เวลาออกwee-laa-ɔ̀ɔkแคมป์kɛ́mเราraoควรkuuanรู้จักrúu-jàkเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanที่tîiปลดbplòtเร็วreoเผื่อpʉ̀ʉaเกิดgə̀ətเหตุฉุกเฉินhèet-chùk-chə̌ən
When camping, we should know quick-release knots in case of emergencies.
กะลาสีgà-laa-sǐiตรวจdtrùuatเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanทุกtúkจุดjùtบนbonเชือกchʉ̂ʉakให้hâiแน่นหนาnɛ̂n-nǎaก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเรือrʉʉaออกจากท่าɔ̀ɔk-jàak-tâa
The sailor checked every knot on the ropes to ensure they were secure before the ship left the dock.
2NounB2
snag; complication; sticking point
a difficult point, obstacle, or complicating factor that blocks progress in a situation or problem
Examples
โครงการkroong-gaanโครงการkroong-gaan1project; scheme2plan; proposalเดินหน้าdəən-nâaเดินหน้าdəən-nâa1[to] move forward; advance; go ahead2[to] proceed; push ahead (with a plan)ช้าcháaช้าcháa1slow2slowly3late; delayed4[to] be slow; be lateเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉan1knot (rope); hitch2snag; complication; sticking point3condition; proviso (legal/contractual)เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)งบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maan1budget (financial plan)2budget (allocated funds)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardไม่อนุมัติmâi-à-nú-mátไม่อนุมัติmâi-à-nú-mát1[to] disapprove; [to] reject2not approved; disapproved
The project is moving slowly because there’s a snag with the budget that hasn’t been approved.
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การเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaติดdtìtเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanตรงdtrongสัญญาเช่าsǎn-yaa-châoที่ดินtîi-dinทำให้tam-hâiยังyangสรุปsà-rùpไม่ได้mâi-dâai
The negotiations are stuck on a complication with the land lease contract, so they can’t be finalized yet.
แม้mɛ́ɛแผนpɛ̌ɛnจะjàชัดเจนchát-jeenแต่dtɛ̀ɛเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanด้านdâanกฎหมายgòt-mǎaiทำให้tam-hâiทุกtúkฝ่ายfàaiต้องdtɔ̂ngระวังrá-wangและlɛ́เลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanกำหนดgam-nòtออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai
Even though the plan is clear, legal obstacles make everyone cautious and push the timeline back.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiยากyâakที่tîiวิธีwí-tiiทำงานtam-ngaanทว่าtá-wâaเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanคือkʉʉความไม่ไว้วางใจkwaam-mâi-wái-waang-jaiระหว่างrá-wàangทีมtiimซึ่งsʉ̂ngขัดขวางkàt-kwǎangความคืบหน้าkwaam-kʉ̂ʉp-nâa
The problem isn’t the workflow; the real sticking point is the lack of trust between teams, which hinders progress.
3NounC1
condition; proviso (legal/contractual)
a condition or clause that restricts or qualifies an agreement or statement; a proviso
Examples
สัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)ฉบับchà-bàpฉบับchà-bàp1classifier for documents/printed texts2issue; edition; copyนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉan1knot (rope); hitch2snag; complication; sticking point3condition; proviso (legal/contractual)ไม่ให้mâi-hâiไม่ให้mâi-hâi1[to] not give; withhold; refuse to give2[to] not allow; not let; forbid3so that not; in order to preventเปิดเผยbpə̀ət-pə̌əiเปิดเผยbpə̀ət-pə̌əi1open; unconcealed; publicly known2[to] reveal; disclose; make public3open; frank; candid4openly; publicly; candidlyข้อมูลลูกค้าkɔ̂ɔ-muun-lûuk-káaข้อมูลลูกค้าkɔ̂ɔ-muun-lûuk-káacustomer data; customer informationเด็ดขาดdèt-kàatเด็ดขาดdèt-kàat1absolute; uncompromising2resolute; decisive3absolutely; strictly
This contract has a proviso strictly prohibiting the disclosure of customer information.
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เขาkǎoยอมรับyɔɔm-rápข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌əแต่dtɛ̀ɛใส่sàiเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanว่าwâaบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtต้องdtɔ̂ngชำระเงินcham-rá-ngənภายในpaai-naiสามสิบsǎam-sìpวันwan
He accepted the offer, but added a proviso that the company must pay within thirty days.
โครงการkroong-gaanได้รับdâi-rápอนุมัติà-nú-mátพร้อมprɔ́ɔmเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanให้hâiผ่านpàanการประเมินgaan-bprà-məənผลกระทบสิ่งแวดล้อมpǒn-grà-tóp-sìng-wɛ̂ɛt-lɔ́ɔmก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmก่อสร้างgɔ̀ɔ-sâang
The project was approved with the proviso that it pass an environmental impact assessment before construction begins.
เราraoยอมyɔɔmเซ็นsenข้อตกลงkɔ̂ɔ-dtòk-longภายใต้paai-dtâaiเงื่อนngʉ̂ʉanว่าwâaคู่สัญญาkûu-sǎn-yaaต้องdtɔ̂ngเปิดเผยbpə̀ət-pə̌əiความkwaamขัดกันkàt-ganแห่งhɛ̀ngผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòotทั้งหมดtáng-mòtอย่างyàangโปร่งใสbpròong-sǎi
We agreed to sign the agreement under the proviso that the counterparty must disclose all conflicts of interest transparently.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
ngʉ̂ʉan
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |