ตุ้ม
dtûmMeanings
1NounB1
weight; sinker; plumb bob
a heavy lump used to weigh something down, such as a fishing sinker or a plumb bob
Examples
ชาวประมงchaao-bprà-mongชาวประมงchaao-bprà-mongfisher; fisherman/fisherwoman; fisherfolkผูกpùukผูกpùuk1[to] tie [sth]; fasten [sth]2[to] bind; connect; associate3[to] obligate; bind; commit4[to] compose; deviseตุ้มdtûmตุ้มdtûm1weight; sinker; plumb bob2cluster; bunch (hanging, esp. fruit/flowers)3round lump; ball-shaped object4[to] ball up; make into a lumpกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)เอ็นenเอ็นen1tendon2nylon string; fishing line3ligamentเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉaเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉa1bait; lure2victim; preyลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alight7southward; down-country8[to] publish; post [sth] onlineน้ำเร็วnáam-reoน้ำเร็วnáam-reo1premature ejaculation2[to] ejaculate too quickly
The fisherman tied a sinker to the line so the bait would sink quickly.
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ช่างchângใช้cháiตุ้มdtûmตะกั่วdtà-gùuaห้อยhɔ̂ɔiเชือกchʉ̂ʉakเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaวัดwátแนวดิ่งnɛɛo-dìngของkɔ̌ɔngผนังpà-nǎng
The builder used a lead plumb bob on a string to check the wall’s vertical alignment.
ฉันchǎnใส่sàiตุ้มdtûmเพิ่มpə̂əmอีกìikหนึ่งnʉ̀ngอันanเพราะprɔ́กระแสน้ำแรงgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-náam-rɛɛngทำให้tam-hâiสายsǎaiตกdtòkปลาลอยbplaa-lɔɔi
I added one more sinker because the strong current was lifting the fishing line.
เขาkǎoวางwaangตุ้มdtûmถ่วงtùuangมุมmumผ้าใบpâa-baiไว้wáiสี่sìiด้านdâanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกันลมgan-lomพัดpátจนjonเต็นท์dténปลิวbpliu
He placed heavy weights at the tarp’s four corners to prevent the wind from blowing the tent away.
2NounB2
cluster; bunch (hanging, esp. fruit/flowers)
a compact cluster of items hanging together, especially fruit or flowers
Examples
กล้วยglûuaiกล้วยglûuai1banana (fruit)2banana plant/tree3easy; a breeze (slang)หลังบ้านlăng bâanหลังบ้านlăng bâan1back of the house; backyard2domestic affairs; family side (figurative)3wife (figurative)4back office; behind-the-scenes operationsออกòkออกòk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)เครือkreuuaเครือkreuua1vine; creeper; climbing plant2network; group; conglomerate3family line; kin network (regional/literary)หนึ่งnèungหนึ่งnèung1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostหวีwĕeหวีwĕe1comb2[to] comb3hand of bananas; classifier: hands of bananasห้อยhôiห้อยhôi1[to] hang; dangle; suspend2hanging; droopingเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ตุ้มdtûmตุ้มdtûm1weight; sinker; plumb bob2cluster; bunch (hanging, esp. fruit/flowers)3round lump; ball-shaped object4[to] ball up; make into a lumpๆ-ดูdooดูdoo1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneหนักnàkหนักnàk1heavy (weight)2serious; severe3heavily; severely; intensely4difficult; tough (mentally/physically demanding)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
The backyard banana tree grew a bunch with clusters hanging in heavy clumps; they look very heavy.
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มะม่วงmá-mûuangออกผลɔ̀ɔk-pǒnเป็นbpenตุ้มdtûmเต็มdtemกิ่งgìngชาวบ้านchaao-bâanดีใจdii-jaiว่าwâaจะได้jà-dâaiเก็บgèpขายkǎai
Mangoes are hanging in tight clusters along the branches, and the villagers are glad they can harvest and sell them.
ดอกdɔ̀ɔkกระgràดังdangงาngaaออกɔ̀ɔkเป็นbpenตุ้มdtûmตามdtaamปลายbplaaiกิ่งgìngส่งกลิ่นsòng-glìnหอมแรงhɔ̌ɔm-rɛɛngตอนเย็นdtɔɔn-yen
Ylang-ylang blossoms form compact clusters at the branch tips, releasing a strong fragrance in the evening.
องุ่นà-ngùnพวงpuuangโตdtohห้อยhôiเป็นbpenตุ้มdtûmแน่นๆnâen nâenใต้dtâiซุ้มไม้súm máaiเลยloieต้องdtôngค้ำkámกิ่งgìngไม่ให้mâi hâiหักhàk
Large grape bunches hang in dense clusters under the arbor, so we have to prop the branches to prevent breaking.
3AdjectiveB2
round lump; ball-shaped object
A rounded lump or ball-shaped object, such as a rounded weight or knob.
Examples
หมวกไหมพรมmùuak-mǎi-promหมวกไหมพรมmùuak-mǎi-promknitted hat; woolen hat; beanieใบbaiใบbai1leaf2sheet; slip; card; ticket; bill; receipt3classifier for leaves, paper items, containers, and certain other objects4license; permit; certificate5bladeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoตุ้มdtûmตุ้มdtûm1weight; sinker; plumb bob2cluster; bunch (hanging, esp. fruit/flowers)3round lump; ball-shaped object4[to] ball up; make into a lumpกลมglomกลมglom1round; circular2well-rounded; balanced (flavor/sound)3round (of a number)อยู่ข้างบนyùu-kâang-bonอยู่ข้างบนyùu-kâang-bon[to] be upstairs; [to] be on topลูกสาวlûuk-sǎaoลูกสาวlûuk-sǎaodaughterชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
This knitted hat has a round pom-pom on top, and my daughter loves it.
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ตุ้มdtûmไม้máaiที่tîiปลายbplaaiราวraaoม่านmâanหลุดออกมาlùt-ɔ̀ɔk-maaพ่อpɔ̂ɔเลยləəiหมุนmǔnใส่sàiกลับglàpเข้าไปkâo-bpai
The wooden knob at the end of the curtain rod came off, so Dad screwed it back on.
ช่างchângขัดkàtตุ้มdtûmไม้máaiทรงกลมsong-glomบนbonหัวเสาhǔua-sǎoบันไดban-daiจนjonผิวpǐuเรียบrîiapเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiมีmiiเสี้ยนsîianตำมือdtam-mʉʉเวลาwee-laaเดินdəənจับjàpราวraao
The carpenter sanded the round wooden knob on top of the stair post smooth so that people wouldn't get splinters while holding the railing.
เธอtəəเลือกlʉ̂ʉakเย็บyépตุ้มdtûmไหมพรมmǎi-promติดdtìtตรงdtrongมุมmumหมอนอิงmɔ̌ɔn-ingแทนtɛɛnการใช้gaan-cháiกระดุมgrà-dumเพราะprɔ́อยากyàakให้hâiหมอนmɔ̌ɔnดูduuนุ่มnûmน่ากอดnâa-gɔ̀ɔt
She chose to sew yarn pom-poms onto the corners of the throw pillow instead of using buttons because she wanted it to look soft and cuddly.
4VerbB2
[to] ball up; make into a lump
to gather or compress something into a ball or lump shape
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillตุ้มdtûmตุ้มdtûm1weight; sinker; plumb bob2cluster; bunch (hanging, esp. fruit/flowers)3round lump; ball-shaped object4[to] ball up; make into a lumpข้าวเหนียวkâao nĭiaoข้าวเหนียวkâao nĭiaosticky rice; glutinous riceให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ก้อนgônก้อนgôn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)แน่นnâenแน่นnâen1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)ๆ-ก่อนจะgòn jàก่อนจะgòn jàbefore (introducing a clause)จิ้มjîmจิ้มjîm1[to] dip (briefly into a sauce/liquid)2[to] tap; poke (lightly with a finger/object)น้ำพริกnáam príkน้ำพริกnáam príkchili paste; chili dip
He compresses the sticky rice into a tight ball before dipping it in chili paste.
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ระหว่างrá-wàangปั้นbpânดินเหนียวdin-nǐiaoเธอtəəตุ้มดินdtûm-dinให้hâiเป็นbpenก้อนgɔ̂ɔnไว้ก่อนwái-gɔ̀ɔnแล้วlɛ́ɛoค่อยkɔ̂iขึ้นรูปkʉ̂n-rûupละเอียดlá-ìiatภายหลังpaai-lǎng
While molding clay, she first gathers the clay into a lump, then refines the shape afterward.
คนkonทำครัวtam kruuaตุ้มdtûmใบตองbai dtongให้hâiเป็นbpenห่อhòแน่นnâenๆ-เพื่อไม่ให้pêuua mâi hâiไส้sâiหลุดlùtระหว่างrá-wàangนึ่งnêung
The cook compresses the banana leaf into a tight bundle so the filling won’t spill during steaming.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dtûm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |