เต็ม
dtemMeanings
1AdjectiveA1
full; filled
Containing as much as possible; with no space left.
Examples
แก้วน้ำgɛ̂ɛo-náamแก้วน้ำgɛ̂ɛo-náamdrinking glass; tumblerใบbaiใบbai1leaf2sheet; slip; card; ticket; bill; receipt3classifier for leaves, paper items, containers, and certain other objects4license; permit; certificate5bladeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เต็มdtemเต็มdtem1full; filled2complete; entire; full (amount)3[to] be full4fully; completely; to the fullแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)เติมdtəəmเติมdtəəm1[to] fill; fill up2[to] add; supplement3[to] top up; refill (services/money)อีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)
This glass is full already; don’t pour more.
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That bus is full; people can’t get on.
My suitcase is so full that it’s hard to zip.
The parking lot is full in every spot; I have to drive to another lot.
2AdjectiveA2
complete; entire; full (amount)
Whole or complete in amount, degree, or duration (e.g., full price, full time; entire).
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จ่ายjàaiจ่ายjàai1[to] pay2[to] disburse; distribute (funds/resources)3[to] spend (money)ราคาraa-kaaราคาraa-kaa1price; cost2[to] cost; [to be] priced atเต็มdtemเต็มdtem1full; filled2complete; entire; full (amount)3[to] be full4fully; completely; to the fullสำหรับsǎm-ràpสำหรับsǎm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingตั๋วหนังdtǔua-nǎngตั๋วหนังdtǔua-nǎngmovie ticket; cinema ticket
I paid the full price for the movie ticket.
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Yesterday he worked full time all day.
Next week we will use the full version of the program.
ขอkɔ̌ɔข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunฉบับเต็มchà-bàp-dtemก่อนgɔ̀ɔnแล้วlɛ́ɛoค่อยkɔ̂iตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiว่าwâaจะjàเข้าร่วมkâo-rûuamโครงการkroong-gaanหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi
Give me the full information first, then I’ll decide whether to join the project.
3VerbA2
[to] be full
To be at capacity or filled up.
Examples
ที่นั่งtîi-nângที่นั่งtîi-nâng1seat; place to sit2seat (classifier)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)รถเมล์rót-meeรถเมล์rót-meebus; city busเต็มdtemเต็มdtem1full; filled2complete; entire; full (amount)3[to] be full4fully; completely; to the fullแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
The seats on the bus are full.
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The hotels around there are all full; we have to look elsewhere.
The mall's parking lot has been full since the afternoon.
ห้องhɔ̂ngสัมมนาsǎm-má-naaเต็มความจุdtem-kwaam-jùแล้วlɛ́ɛoจึงjʉngปิดbpìtรับrápลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biianหน้างานnâa-ngaan
The seminar room is at capacity, so on-site registration is closed.
4AdverbB1
fully; completely; to the full
Used adverbially to indicate the maximum degree or extent; completely.
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herยิ้มyímยิ้มyím1[to] smile2smileเต็มที่dtem-tîiเต็มที่dtem-tîi1to the fullest; fully2maximum; full (capacity/extent)3at most; at the maximumเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingดีใจdii-jaiดีใจdii-jaiglad; happyมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
She smiled wholeheartedly because she was very happy.
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I’m fully ready to help you; don’t hesitate.
Our team will try our utmost to win.
ถ้าtâaคุณkunทุ่มเทtûm-teeเต็มdtemแรงrɛɛngและlɛ́เต็มใจdtem-jaiโอกาสoo-gàatสำเร็จsǎm-rètก็gɔ̂สูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂nมากmâak
If you put in your full effort and wholehearted commitment, the chance of success increases greatly.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtem
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |