อัน
anMeanings
1ClassifierA2
general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things
a common general classifier for objects or things, especially when no more specific classifier is used; also used for some abstract things
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ซื้อsʉ́ʉซื้อsʉ́ʉ1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offยางลบyaang-lópยางลบyaang-lóperaserสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondอันanอันan1general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things2which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)3as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)4thing; item; one
Yesterday I bought two erasers.
2PronounB2
which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)
a formal or literary relative pronoun linking a noun to a clause, similar to which or that
Examples
หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ1book (printed work)2document; letterเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)อันanอันan1general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things2which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)3as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)4thing; item; oneผู้เขียนpûu-kǐianผู้เขียนpûu-kǐian1writer; author2I (the author) [formal writing]รวบรวมrûuap-ruuamรวบรวมrûuap-ruuam1[to] collect; gather2[to] compile; assemble3[to] muster; mobilizeจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmประสบการณ์bprà-sòp-gaanประสบการณ์bprà-sòp-gaan1experience (knowledge/skill)2experience (event)จริงjingจริงjing1true; real; genuine2really; truly; indeed3intensifier particle (final)4truth; reality (rare as noun)นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)อ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense ofแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerข้อkɔ̂ɔข้อkɔ̂ɔ1item; point; clause2classifier: items/points/clauses/questions3joint (anatomy)4condition; term5node; joint; segment (botany/zoology)คิดมากkít-mâakคิดมากkít-mâak1[to] overthink; worry too much2overly worried; prone to overthinking
This book, which the author compiled from real experiences, offers many insights.
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โครงการkroong-gaanอันanเราraoได้dâaiทำtamร่วมกันrûuam-ganมาmaaแรมrɛɛmปีbpiiในที่สุดnai-tîi-sùtก็gɔ̂สำเร็จsǎm-rèt
The project, which we worked on together for years, has finally succeeded.
แนวคิดnaeo kítอันanนักวิชาการnák wí-chaa gaanได้dâiถกเถียงกันtòk tĭiang ganมาmaaยาวนานyaao naanยังyangไม่mâiถึงtĕungข้อยุติkô yút
The idea, which scholars have debated for a long time, has not yet reached a conclusion.
หลักฐานlàk-tǎanอันanปรากฏbpraa-gòtในnaiรายงานraai-ngaanนั้นnánชี้ให้เห็นchíi-hâi-hěnความบกพร่องkwaam-bòk-prɔ̂ɔngเชิงระบบchəəng-rá-bòp
The evidence, which appears in that report, points to systemic shortcomings.
3PronounC1
as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)
a formal or literary particle placed before a noun or noun phrase to introduce it as the topic of a statement
Examples
อันanอันan1general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things2which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)3as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)4thing; item; oneความรักkwaam-rákความรักkwaam-rák1love; affection2romance; romantic relationshipนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toอาศัยaa-sǎiอาศัยaa-sǎi1[to] live; reside; stay2[to] rely on; depend on; make use of3by; by means of (formal)ความเข้าใจkwaam-kâo-jaiความเข้าใจkwaam-kâo-jai1understanding; comprehension2mutual understanding; rapport3interpretation; one’s viewและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ความอดทนkwaam-òt-tonความอดทนkwaam-òt-ton1patience; tolerance2endurance; stamina
As for love, it requires understanding and patience.
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อันanความสำเร็จkwaam-sǎm-rètนั้นnánมิได้mí-dâaiเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâatเพียงอย่างเดียวpiiang-yàang-diiaoแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangต้องdtɔ̂ngอาศัยaa-sǎiโอกาสoo-gàatและlɛ́ความพยายามkwaam-pá-yaa-yaamด้วยdûuai
Success does not arise from ability alone; it also requires opportunity and effort.
อันanเสรีภาพsěe-rii-pâapนั้นnánหากhàakใช้cháiโดยปราศจากdooi-bpràat-sà-jàakความรับผิดชอบkwaam-ráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpก็gɔ̂อาจàatกลายเป็นglaai-bpenเครื่องมือkrʉ̂ʉang-mʉʉในnaiการละเมิดgaan-lá-mə̂ətสิทธิsìt-tíของkɔ̌ɔngผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉn
Freedom, if exercised without responsibility, can become a means of violating the rights of others.
อันanเกียรติยศgìiat-dtì-yótชื่อเสียงchʉ̂ʉ-sǐiangนั้นnánแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàสั่งสมมาsàng-sǒm-maaชั่วชีวิตchûua-chii-wítก็gɔ̂อาจàatพังทลายลงpang-tá-laai-longได้dâaiเพราะprɔ́การตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiที่tîiผิดพลาดpìt-plâatเพียงpiiangครั้งเดียวkráng-diiao
Honor and reputation, though built up over a lifetime, can be destroyed by a single error in judgment.
4NounC1
thing; item; one
a thing or item, often used with a modifier or demonstrative to identify a particular object, as in อันนี้อันนี้an-níithis; this one (near the speaker) (this one)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillหวงแหนhǔuang-hɛ̌ɛnหวงแหนhǔuang-hɛ̌ɛn[to] cherish; [to] treasure; [to] guard jealouslyของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsอันanอันan1general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things2which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)3as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)4thing; item; oneเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerแม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseให้ไว้hâi-wáiให้ไว้hâi-wái[to] give [sb] [sth] to keep; [to] issue (a document)
He cherishes the small thing that his mother gave him.
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ของkɔ̌ɔngอันanล้ำค่าlám-kâaนั้นnánเป็นbpenอันเดียวan-diiaoที่tîiยึดโยงyʉ́t-yoongเขาkǎoไว้wáiกับgàpบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ət
That precious thing of a memory is the only thing tying him to his hometown.
เธอtəəยึดติดyʉ́t-dtìtกับgàpของkɔ̌ɔngอันanที่เรียกว่าtîi-rîiak-wâaศักดิ์ศรีsàk-sǐiยิ่งกว่าyîng-gwàaสิ่งใดsìng-dai
She clings to the thing called dignity more than anything else.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
an
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |