มุม
mumMeanings
1NounA2
corner
The place where two sides or edges meet, such as in a room, page, or street.
Examples
แมวmɛɛoแมวmɛɛocatนอนnɔɔnนอนnɔɔn1[to] sleep2[to] lie down; recline3reclining; lying downอยู่ที่yùu-tîiอยู่ที่yùu-tîi1[to] be at; be located at2[to] be at (a level/amount)3[to] depend on; be up toมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsใกล้glâiใกล้glâi1near; close (in distance/time/resemblance)2[to] be near; be close toหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangหน้าต่างnâa-dtàang1window2window (computing)
The cat is sleeping in the corner of the room near the window.
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Yesterday I placed the trash bin in the corner of the kitchen.
Tomorrow we’ll meet at the street corner in front of the café.
เขาkǎoพับpápกระดาษgrà-dàatให้hâiเรียบrîiapแล้วlɛ́ɛoวางwaangคลิปklípหนีบไว้nìip-wáiที่tîiมุมmumหน้าnâaเอกสารèek-gà-sǎan
He smoothed the paper and clipped the front corner of the document.
2NounB1
angle
The figure or space formed by two lines or surfaces meeting, measured in degrees.
Examples
รูปสามเหลี่ยมrûup-sǎam-lìiamรูปสามเหลี่ยมrûup-sǎam-lìiamtriangle; three-sided shapeมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveรวมกันruuam-ganรวมกันruuam-gan1together; collectively2[to] gather; [to] come together; [to] combine3[to] add up to; [to] total180องศาong-sǎaองศาong-sǎa1degree (temperature)2degree (angle)3degree; extent; level (fig.)
A triangle has angles that sum to 180 degrees.
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ครูkruuอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaมุมป้านmum-bpâanมีค่าmii-kâaมากกว่าmâak-gwàa90องศาong-sǎaแต่dtɛ̀ɛไม่เกินmâi-gəən180องศาong-sǎa
The teacher explained that an obtuse angle is greater than 90 degrees but not more than 180 degrees.
หากhàakสองsɔ̌ɔngเส้นsênตัดกันdtàt-ganและlɛ́เกิดgə̀ətมุมmumเท่ากันtâo-ganสองsɔ̌ɔngคู่kûuแสดงว่าsà-dɛɛng-wâaเป็นbpenเส้นตรงsên-dtrongข้ามkâamมุมmumเท่าtâo
If two lines intersect and create two pairs of equal angles, they are vertical angles.
ในnaiเรขาคณิตree-kǎa-ká-nítยูคลิดyuu-klítผลรวมpǒn-ruuamของkɔ̌ɔngมุมmumภายในpaai-naiรูปrûupหลายlǎaiเหลี่ยมlìiamnเหลี่ยมlìiamเท่ากับtâo-gàpn−2)×180องศาong-sǎa
In Euclidean geometry, the sum of the interior angles of an n-gon equals (n−2)×180 degrees.
3NounB2
point of view; perspective
A particular way of looking at or thinking about something; perspective.
Examples
ลองlɔɔngลองlɔɔng[to] try; attemptฟังfangฟังfang1listen2heed3[to] sound; seem (to the ear)เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)บ้างbâangบ้างbâang1some; any (unspecified, small set)2sometimes; occasionally3plural/variety marker (after question/request)4somewhat; at least a littleแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เข้าใจkâo-jaiเข้าใจkâo-jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])เหตุผลhèet-pǒnเหตุผลhèet-pǒn1reason; justification2reasoning; rationalityที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)ตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jai[to] decideแบบนั้นbɛ̀ɛp-nánแบบนั้นbɛ̀ɛp-nán1like that; in that way2that kind of; that type of3that kind/that sort (of thing/person)
Try listening to this story from the teacher’s perspective, and we’ll understand why the school decided that way.
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เขาkăoเขียนบทkĭian bòtความkwaamจากjàakมุมmumของkŏngผู้โดยสารpôo dohy-săanจึงjeungเน้นnénปัญหาbpan-hăaที่têeคนkonใช้บริการchái bo-rí-gaanเผชิญpà-chernจริงๆjing jing
He wrote the article from the passenger’s perspective, so it focuses on problems that users actually face.
ถ้าtâaมองmɔɔngปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiจากjàakมุมmumของkɔ̌ɔngธุรกิจขนาดเล็กtú-rá-gìt-kà-nàat-lékเราraoจะjàเห็นhěnข้อจำกัดkɔ̂ɔ-jam-gàtด้านdâanเงินทุนngən-tunและlɛ́เวลาwee-laaอย่างชัดเจนyàang-chát-jeen
If we view this problem from the perspective of small businesses, we will clearly see limitations in capital and time.
สารคดีsǎa-rá-ká-diiนี้níiพยายามpá-yaa-yaamเสนอsà-nə̌əความจริงkwaam-jingผ่านpàanหลายlǎaiมุมmumทั้งtángมุมmumของkɔ̌ɔngนักวิทยาศาสตร์nák-wít-tá-yaa-sàatชาวบ้านchaao-bâanและlɛ́ผู้กำหนดนโยบายpûu-gam-nòt-ná-yoo-baaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiภาพรวมpâap-ruuamสมดุลsǒm-dunมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
This documentary tries to present the truth through multiple perspectives—the scientists’, the locals’, and the policymakers’—to make the overall picture more balanced.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
mum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |