ตก
dtòkMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] fall; drop
to move downward suddenly or by gravity; to drop from a higher place
Examples
แก้วgɛ̂ɛoแก้วgɛ̂ɛo1drinking glass2glass (material)3classifier: glasses of drink4crystal; precious gemหลุดมือlùt-mʉʉหลุดมือlùt-mʉʉ1[to] slip out of one's hand2[to] slip out of one's grasp (figurative)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to7[to] be left out; miss one’s turnกระแทกgrà-tɛ̂ɛkกระแทกgrà-tɛ̂ɛk1[to] hit; bump hard2[to] slam; thump down3[to] retort harshly; snap4[to] thrust; jab (into/against)พื้นpʉ́ʉnพื้นpʉ́ʉn1floor2ground; base surface; bottom3basis; level; background (figurative)4background (color/pattern)
The glass slipped from my hand and fell to the floor.
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Yesterday, the bag fell from the chair, but nothing broke.
The ball fell down from the second-floor balcony.
She slipped and fell off the last step of the stairs.
2VerbA2
(rain/snow) fall
of precipitation: to fall (e.g., ฝนตกฝนตกfǒn-dtòkit is raining; [to] rain ‘it’s raining’)
Examples
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This morning it rained heavily, and the traffic was jammed.
If it rains in the evening, we probably won’t go running in the park.
พยากรณ์pá-yaa-gɔɔnบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaฝนfǒnจะjàตกdtòkประปรายbprà-bpraaiทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnควรkuuanพกpókร่มrômไว้wáiเผื่อpʉ̀ʉaฉุกเฉินchùk-chə̌ən
The forecast says it will rain intermittently throughout the night; you should bring an umbrella just in case.
3VerbA2
[to] fail (an exam/test)
to not pass an exam or test
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòkสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòk1[to] fail (an exam/test); not pass2[to] fail to meet expectations/standards (figurative)วิชาwí-chaaวิชาwí-chaa1subject; course; field of study2classifier: courses/subjects3knowledge; skill; discipline4esoteric or magical artsคณิตká-nítคณิตká-nít1mathematics2mathematical; arithmetic
He failed the math exam.
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Yesterday I failed the driving test because I couldn’t park.
My younger brother almost failed, but this time he passed because he studied more.
ถ้าtâaทำtamข้อสอบkɔ̂ɔ-sɔ̀ɔpอัตนัยàt-dtà-naiไม่mâiครบkrópก็gɔ̂มีสิทธิ์mii-sìtตกdtòkทั้งtángวิชาwí-chaa
If you don’t complete the essay section, you could fail the entire subject.
4VerbA2
[to] drop; decline; decrease
to go down in level, amount, quality, or performance
5VerbB1
[to] cost; come to
to amount to a certain price or total (e.g., ตกคนละ… ‘it comes to … per person’)
Examples
ค่าอาหารkâa-aa-hǎanค่าอาหารkâa-aa-hǎan1meal price; food charge2food expenses; cost of food3meal allowanceทั้งหมดtáng-mòtทั้งหมดtáng-mòt1all; entire; whole2all; in total; completely3the whole; everything600บาทbàatบาทbàat1baht (Thai currency unit)2baht (classifier for Thai currency amounts)3foot (literary)แบ่งbɛ̀ngแบ่งbɛ̀ng1[to] divide; split2[to] share3[to] allocate; distribute4[to] separate; set apartสี่sìiสี่sìi1four (number)2four (as a noun)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to7[to] be left out; miss one’s turnคนละkon-láคนละkon-lá1each; per person2apiece; each; per person3separate; different (for each)150บาทbàatบาทbàat1baht (Thai currency unit)2baht (classifier for Thai currency amounts)3foot (literary)
The total food bill is 600 baht; divided among four people, it comes to 150 baht per person.
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Including the shipping fee, it comes to exactly 1,200 baht—no change needed.
ถ้าtâaเฉลี่ยchà-lìiaค่าใช้จ่ายkâa chái jàaiรายเดือนraai deuuanออกมาòk maaจะjàตกdtòkคนละkon-láราวraaoๆ-สามพันsăam panซึ่งsêungก็gâwพอporรับrápได้dâi
If we average out the monthly expenses, it comes to around 3,000 per person, which is acceptable.
6VerbB2
[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to
to pass to or become the possession, responsibility, or lot of [sb], as in มรดกตกแก่ลูก ‘the inheritance passes to the children’
Examples
วันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: daysรับน้องráp-nɔ́ɔngรับน้องráp-nɔ́ɔng1[to] welcome freshmen; hold initiation2freshman welcome; initiation activitiesผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)จับฉลากjàp-chà-làakจับฉลากjàp-chà-làak1draw lots; do a lucky draw2raffle off; allocate by lotteryแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to7[to] be left out; miss one’s turnห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsบีbiiบีbii1letter B2vitamin Bต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastทำกิจกรรมtam-gìt-jà-gamทำกิจกรรมtam-gìt-jà-gam[to] do an activityกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)เพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowกลุ่มglùmกลุ่มglùm1group; cluster2[to] group; clusterนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)
On freshman welcome day, I drew lots and ended up in Room B, so I had to do activities with that group.
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ในnaiการแข่งขันวิ่งgaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎn-wîngเธอtəəตกเลนdtòk-leenที่สามtîi-sǎamเพราะprɔ́หมายเลขmǎai-lêekที่tîiจับได้jàp-dâai
In the running competition, she was assigned lane three because of the number she drew.
ตารางdtaa-raangสอบsɔ̀ɔpเปลี่ยนbplìianใหม่màiวิชานี้wí-chaa-níiตกdtòkช่วงchûuangบ่ายสองโมงbàai-sɔ̌ɔng-moongทำให้tam-hâiหลายคนlǎai-konต้องdtɔ̂ngเลื่อนงานlʉ̂ʉan-ngaan
The exam timetable changed; this subject falls at 2 p.m., causing many people to reschedule work.
รายชื่อraai chêuเข้าพบkâo pópอาจารย์aa-jaanตกdtòkเช้าcháaoวันพฤหัสบดีwan préu-hàt-sà-bor-deeส่วนsùuanผมpŏmตกdtòkช่วงบ่ายchûuang bàaiสุดท้ายsùt táaiพอดีpo dee
Appointments to meet the professor fall on Thursday morning, and I happen to be placed in the last afternoon slot.
7VerbB2
[to] be left out; miss one’s turn
to be omitted or to miss a turn/chance (e.g., ตกคิวตกคิวdtòk-kiu[to] be bumped from the schedule; miss one’s slot ‘miss one’s turn’)
Examples
เมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháoเมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháothis morning; earlier this morningไฟดับfai-dàpไฟดับfai-dàp1power outage; blackout2[of power/lights] go out; cut outทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ตกคิวdtòk-kiuตกคิวdtòk-kiu[to] be bumped from the schedule; miss one’s slotพบpópพบpóp1[to] meet [sb]2[to] find; discover3[to] encounter; experienceหมอmɔ̌ɔหมอmɔ̌ɔ1doctor; physician2veterinarian3expert; specialist (informal)4traditional healer; shamanต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉan1[to] slide; move along; move (something) smoothly2[to] scroll3[to] shift; move (time/place)4[to] postpone; delay5[to] be promoted; advanceไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastบ่ายbàaiบ่ายbàai1afternoon2in the afternoon3[to] slant; lean; turn aside
The power outage this morning made me miss my turn to see the doctor, so I had to reschedule to the afternoon.
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เขาkǎoเผลอplə̌əไปbpaiเข้าห้องน้ำkâo-hɔ̂ng-náamเลยləəiตกคิวdtòk-kiuขึ้นkʉ̂nเวทีwee-tiiประกวดbprà-gùuat
He went to the bathroom and ended up missing his turn to go on stage for the contest.
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanเรียกชื่อrîiak-chʉ̂ʉเร็วreoมากmâakหลายคนlǎai-konเลยləəiตกคิวdtòk-kiuและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngรอrɔɔรอบrɔ̂ɔpถัดไปtàt-bpai
The committee called names so quickly that many people missed their turns and had to wait for the next round.
ระบบrá-bòpจองคิวjɔɔng-kiuขัดข้องkàt-kɔ̂ɔngทำให้tam-hâiผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiบางรายbaang-raaiตกคิวdtòk-kiuโดยไม่รู้ตัวdooi-mâi-rúu-dtuua
The queue booking system malfunctioned, causing some patients to miss their turns without realizing it.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
dtòk
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |