เจ้า
jâoMeanings
1NounB2
lord; master; owner
a person with authority or ownership; a lord, master, or owner.
Examples
ที่ดินtêe dinที่ดินtêe dinland (property)ผืนpĕunผืนpĕun1classifier (flat expanses/items)2sheet; stretch (flat expanse)นี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเจ้าjâoเจ้าjâo1lord; master; owner2ruler; prince (royal title)3deity; spirit (title/noun)4prefix: familiar or affectionate term before names or nouns5polite sentence-final particle (Northern Thai, mainly female)6yes; okay (polite, Northern Thai)7you (familiar/regional; archaic/literary)8classifier for businesses, suppliers, or individual partiesอยู่แล้วyòo láewอยู่แล้วyòo láewalready; anyway; of courseเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เลยloieเลยloie1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toขออนุญาตkŏr à-nú-yâatขออนุญาตkŏr à-nú-yâat1[to] ask for permission2excuse me (seeking permission)ก่อนgònก่อนgòn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerปลูกผักbplòok pàkปลูกผักbplòok pàk[to] grow/plant vegetables
This plot of land already has an owner, so we must ask permission before planting vegetables.
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สุนัขsù-nákตัวdtuuaนี้níiเชื่อฟังchʉ̂ʉa-fangเจ้าอย่างjâao-yàangมากmâakไม่mâiยอมyɔɔmไปbpaiกับgàpคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn
This dog is very obedient to its master and refuses to go with others.
เมื่อmêuuaเกิดgèrtปัญหาbpan-hăaในอาคารnai aa-kaanควรkuuanติดต่อdtìt-dtòrเจ้าjâoอาคารaa-kaanโดยตรงdoy dtrongเพื่อให้pêuua hâiเขาkăoตัดสินใจdtàt-sĭn-jai
When problems arise in the building, you should contact the building owner directly so they can decide.
ในnaiสัญญาเช่าsăn-yaa châoระบุrá-bùชัดchátว่าwâaเจ้าjâoเป็นbpenผู้รับผิดชอบpôo ráp pìt chôpค่าซ่อมkâa sômใหญ่yàiทั้งหมดtáng mòt
The lease clearly states that the owner is responsible for all major repair costs.
2NounB2
ruler; prince (royal title)
a royal or noble title; a ruler or prince.
Examples
เจ้านครjâao-ná-kɔɔnเจ้านครjâao-ná-kɔɔnruler of a principalityนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)3shrimp paste (Southern Thai)ทรงอำนาจsong-am-nâatทรงอำนาจsong-am-nâatpowerful; mighty; influentialมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousในอดีตnai-à-dìitในอดีตnai-à-dìitin the past; formerly
The ruler of this city-state used to be very powerful in the past.
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ประวัติศาสตร์bprà-wàt-sàatกล่าวถึงglàao tĕungเจ้าผู้ครองjâo pôo krongแคว้นkwáenที่têeรวมอำนาจruuam am-nâatคนสำคัญkon săm-kanหลายlăaiพระองค์prá ong
History mentions several important princes who consolidated regional power.
ทูตtôotถูกtòokส่งไปsòng bpaiเจรจาjay-rá-jaaกับgàpเจ้าแห่งjâo hàengรัฐrátเพื่อนบ้านpêuuan bâanเพื่อpêuuaทำสัญญาสงบศึกtam sà-nyaa sà-ngòp sèuk
Envoys were sent to negotiate with the prince of the neighboring state to make a truce.
ตำนานdtam naanเล่าถึงlâo tĕungเจ้าjâoผู้ทรงธรรมpôo song tamที่têeดูแลdoo laeราษฎร์râatด้วยdûuayเมตตาmêt-dtaaและláeความยุติธรรมkwaam yú-dtì-tam
Legends tell of a righteous ruler who governed the people with compassion and justice.
3NounB2
deity; spirit (title/noun)
a deity or tutelary spirit; also used as a title in names (e.g., เจ้าที่เจ้าที่jâao-tîi1landowner; property owner2guardian spirit (of a place), เจ้าแม่เจ้าแม่jâao-mɛ̂ɛ1matriarch; queenpin; patroness2goddess; tutelary female spirit).
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; pilesศาลsǎanศาลsǎan1court (of law)2shrine; spirit houseให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เจ้าที่jâao-tîiเจ้าที่jâao-tîi1landowner; property owner2guardian spirit (of a place)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâi1May ...; I wish that ...2to request that; to ask thatคุ้มครองkúm-krɔɔngคุ้มครองkúm-krɔɔng1[to] protect; safeguard2[to] protect under law or policyหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan1village; hamlet2housing estate; gated community
Villagers set up a shrine to the guardian spirit of the land to ask for protection of the village.
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เขาkǎoเล่าlâoว่าwâaเจ้าแม่ตะเคียนjâao-mɛ̂ɛ-dtà-kiianในnaiวัดwátมักmákให้โชคhâi-chôokกับgàpผู้ที่pûu-tîiศรัทธาsàt-taa
He said that the spirit lady of the takhian tree at the temple often grants luck to believers.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmก่อสร้างgɔ̀ɔ-sâangช่างchângทำพิธีtam-pí-tiiบอกกล่าวbɔ̀ɔk-glàaoเจ้าที่jâao-tîiและlɛ́ขออนุญาตkɔ̌ɔ-à-nú-yâatตามdtaamความเชื่อkwaam-chʉ̂ʉaท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìn
Before starting construction, the workers performed a ritual to inform and seek permission from the local guardian spirit according to local beliefs.
ในnaiตำนานพื้นบ้านdtam-naan péuun bâanเจ้าแห่งjâo hàengภูเขาpoo kăoถูกtòokเชิญมาchern maaปัดbpàtเคราะห์króเพื่อให้pêuua hâiฝนfŏnตกต้องdtòk dtôngตามdtaamฤดูกาลréu-doo-gaan
In the folk legend, the deity of the mountain was invited to ward off misfortune so that the rains would come in season.
4NounB2
prefix: familiar or affectionate term before names or nouns
a prefix placed before a name or noun to refer familiarly or affectionately to a person, animal, or thing; its tone can also be disparaging
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillได้รับเชิญdâi-ráp-chəənได้รับเชิญdâi-ráp-chəən[to] be invitedไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyงานเปิดตัวngaan-bpə̀ət-dtuuaงานเปิดตัวngaan-bpə̀ət-dtuualaunch event; unveiling; debutโครงการkroong-gaanโครงการkroong-gaan1project; scheme2plan; proposalของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsเจ้าสัวjâao-sǔuaเจ้าสัวjâao-sǔuatycoon; wealthy magnate (often Sino-Thai)ชื่อดังchʉ̂ʉ-dangชื่อดังchʉ̂ʉ-dangfamous; well-known; renowned
He was invited to the launch of a project by a well-known tycoon (Chao Sia).
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanศรัทธาsàt-taaเจ้าพ่อjâao-pɔ̂ɔท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnและlɛ́จัดงานjàt-ngaanสักการะsàk-gaa-ráทุกปีtúk-bpii
Villagers revere the local patron (Chao Pho) and hold an annual worship ceremony.
พิพิธภัณฑ์pí-pít-tá-panจัดjàtนิทรรศการní-tát-sà-gaanเกี่ยวกับgìiao-gàpประวัติbprà-wàtของkɔ̌ɔngเจ้าฟ้าjâao-fáaและlɛ́บทบาทbòt-bàatในnaiสังคมไทยsǎng-kom-tai
The museum holds an exhibition about the history of Chao Fa and their roles in Thai society.
หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉเล่มlêmนี้níiเล่าถึงlâo-tʉ̌ngเส้นทางsên-taangจากjàakพ่อค้าpɔ̂ɔ-káaธรรมดาtam-má-daaสู่sùuการเป็นgaan-bpenเจ้าสัวjâao-sǔuaระดับประเทศrá-dàp-bprà-têet
This book tells the journey from an ordinary merchant to becoming a national-level tycoon (Chao Sia).
5ParticleB2
polite sentence-final particle (Northern Thai, mainly female)
A word used mainly by women in Northern Thai at the end of statements or questions to show politeness.
6InterjectionB2
yes; okay (polite, Northern Thai)
A polite response used in Northern Thai, mainly by women, to agree or show that they have heard and understood.
7PronounC1
you (familiar/regional; archaic/literary)
a familiar or dialectal second-person pronoun meaning you, used in certain regions (e.g., Northern/Isan) or literary styles.
Examples
คืนนี้keun néeคืนนี้keun née1tonight (the night of today)2tonightเจ้าjâoเจ้าjâo1lord; master; owner2ruler; prince (royal title)3deity; spirit (title/noun)4prefix: familiar or affectionate term before names or nouns5polite sentence-final particle (Northern Thai, mainly female)6yes; okay (polite, Northern Thai)7you (familiar/regional; archaic/literary)8classifier for businesses, suppliers, or individual partiesไปงานbpai ngaanไปงานbpai ngaan[to] attend [an event]วัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ข้าkâaข้าkâa1I; me (archaic/poetic; rustic)2servant; subject (historical)3I; me (deferential to royalty, historical formula)ไหมmăiไหมmăi1yes–no question particle; or not?2silkเดี๋ยวdĭiaoเดี๋ยวdĭiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …ข้าkâaข้าkâa1I; me (archaic/poetic; rustic)2servant; subject (historical)3I; me (deferential to royalty, historical formula)ซื้อséuซื้อséu1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offไอติมai dtimไอติมai dtimice cream (colloquial)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)
Are you going to the temple fair with me tonight? I’ll buy you ice cream.
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เจ้าjâoอย่าลืมyàa leumเอาaoเสื้อกันฝนsêuua gan fŏnไปbpaiนำเด้อnam dérฝนfŏnมันmanสิsìฮวยhuayลงมาlong maaหนักnàk
Don’t forget to bring a raincoat, okay? It’s going to pour heavily.
หากhàakเจ้าเหนื่อยjâao-nʉ̀ʉaiก็gɔ̂พักก่อนpák-gɔ̀ɔnเดี๋ยวค่อยdǐiao-kɔ̂iสู้sûuต่อเมื่อdtɔ̀ɔ-mʉ̂ʉaใจjaiพร้อมprɔ́ɔm
If you’re tired, then rest first; we can fight on when your heart is ready.
เจ้าjâoคงkongฮู้hûuดีว่าdee wâaเสียงลมsĭiang lomยามค่ำyaam kâmมันmanบอกbòkอีหยังee yăngบ้างbâangแต่dtàeมันmanกะบ่gà bòได้dâiดังdangพอporสิsìกลบglòpความคิดkwaam kítในใจnai jaiเจ้าjâo
You surely know what the night wind is saying, yet it isn’t loud enough to drown out your thoughts.
8ClassifierC1
classifier for businesses, suppliers, or individual parties
a classifier counting businesses, sellers, suppliers, or people treated as separate parties, as in ร้านสองเจ้า (two shops or vendors)
Examples
ตลาดdtà-làatตลาดdtà-làat1market; marketplace2market (economic demand/sector)3popular; mainstream (colloq.)นี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoร้านráanร้านráan1shop; store2restaurant; eatery3booth; stallขายkăaiขายkăai1[to] sell [sth]2for sale; for purchase3[to] sell oneself; prostitute oneselfข้าวมันไก่kâao man gàiข้าวมันไก่kâao man gàiHainanese chicken rice (Thai style)สามsăamสามsăamthree (3)เจ้าjâoเจ้าjâo1lord; master; owner2ruler; prince (royal title)3deity; spirit (title/noun)4prefix: familiar or affectionate term before names or nouns5polite sentence-final particle (Northern Thai, mainly female)6yes; okay (polite, Northern Thai)7you (familiar/regional; archaic/literary)8classifier for businesses, suppliers, or individual partiesแต่dtàeแต่dtàe1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ซื้อséuซื้อséu1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offอยู่yòoอยู่yòo1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainร้านráanร้านráan1shop; store2restaurant; eatery3booth; stallเดียวdiiaoเดียวdiiaosingle; one; only; same
There are three chicken rice vendors at this market, but I only buy from one.
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เราraoเปรียบเทียบbprìiap-tîiapราคาraa-kaaจากjàakผู้ขายpûu-kǎaiหลายเจ้าlǎai-jâaoก่อนgɔ̀ɔnตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiซื้อsʉ́ʉเพราะprɔ́แต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láที่tîiมีmiiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiการรับประกันgaan-ráp-bprà-ganต่างกันdtàang-gan
We compared prices from several sellers before deciding to buy, because each offered different warranty terms.
แม้máeผู้รับเหมาpôo ráp măoสองsŏngเจ้าjâoจะjàเสนอราคาsà-nĕr raa-kaaใกล้เคียงกันglâi kiiang ganแต่dtàeคณะกรรมการká-ná gam-má-gaanเลือกlêuuakบริษัทbò-rí-sàtที่têeมีmeeผลงานpŏn ngaanด้านdâanการบูรณะgaan buu-rá-náอาคารaa-kaanเก่าgàoโดยเฉพาะdoi chá-pór
Although the two contractors submitted similar bids, the committee chose the company with a track record specifically in restoring old buildings.
การพึ่งพาgaan-pʉ̂ng-paaผู้จัดหาpûu-jàt-hǎaวัตถุดิบwát-tù-dìpเพียงpiiangเจ้าเดียวjâao-diiaoอาจàatทำให้tam-hâiธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtขาดkàatความคล่องตัวkwaam-klɔ̂ɔng-dtuuaในnaiการต่อรองgaan-dtɔ̀ɔ-rɔɔngและlɛ́เสี่ยงsìiangต่อdtɔ̀ɔการหยุดชะงักgaan-yùt-chá-ngákของkɔ̌ɔngการผลิตgaan-pà-lìt
Relying on a single raw-material supplier may limit a business's negotiating flexibility and expose it to the risk of production disruptions.