เล่ม
lêmMeanings
1ClassifierA2
CL: books/volumes/issues
classifier for bound or booklet-like items such as books, volumes, magazines, manuals, and notebooks
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ1book (printed work)2document; letterสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, carts
I have two books.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday I borrowed three magazines from the library.
Tomorrow I will buy one manual for studying.
2NounB2
classifier: knives, swords, candles, carts
A classifier used when counting knives, swords, other cutting implements, candles, and traditional carts.
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseซื้อsʉ́ʉซื้อsʉ́ʉ1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offมีดmîitมีดmîitknifeมาใหม่maa-màiมาใหม่maa-mài1newly arrived; new2[to] come again; come back another timeสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsเล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderหั่นhànหั่นhàn[to] slice; cut [sth] into pieces; chopผักpàkผักpàkvegetable(s)อีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)เล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderหั่นhànหั่นhàn[to] slice; cut [sth] into pieces; chopเนื้อnʉ́ʉaเนื้อnʉ́ʉa1meat; flesh2flesh; pulp (of fruit)3texture; grain (surface of materials)4human body (skin and flesh)5content; substantive matter6core/body of an object
Mom bought two new knives, one for cutting vegetables and the other for cutting meat.
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เมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉnไฟดับfai-dàpเราraoเลยləəiจุดjùtเทียนtiianสามsǎamเล่มlêmแล้วlɛ́ɛoนั่งคุยกันnâng-kui-gan
The power went out last night, so we lit three candles and sat around talking.
ดาบdàapสองsɔ̌ɔngเล่มlêmที่tîiจัดแสดงjàt-sà-dɛɛngอยู่ในyùu-naiพิพิธภัณฑ์pí-pít-tá-panมีmiiลวดลายlûuat-laaiคล้ายกันkláai-ganแต่dtɛ̀ɛทำขึ้นtam-kʉ̂nคนละkon-láยุคyúk
The two swords on display in the museum have similar designs but were made in different periods.
แม้mɛ́ɛชาวบ้านchaao-bâanจะjàเลิกใช้lə̂ək-cháiเกวียนgwiianขนkǒnข้าวkâaoแล้วlɛ́ɛoแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangเก็บไว้gèp-wáiสองsɔ̌ɔngเล่มlêmเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiคนรุ่นหลังkon-rûn-lǎngได้เห็นdâai-hěn
Although the villagers no longer use carts to transport rice, they have kept two so that future generations can see them.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
lêm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |