ธรรมดา
tam-má-daaMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
ordinary; normal; usual
usual or normal; not special or exceptional
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentรถติดrót-dtìtรถติดrót-dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congestedเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)เรื่องธรรมดาrʉ̂ʉang-tam-má-daaเรื่องธรรมดาrʉ̂ʉang-tam-má-daaa normal thing; common occurrence
Heavy traffic today is normal.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnตามdtaamฤดูกาลrʉ́-duu-gaanถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaเป็นbpenเรื่องธรรมดาrʉ̂ʉang-tam-má-daa
Yesterday’s heat was seasonal; that’s considered normal.
เขาkǎoปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔuaเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiหลังทำงานlǎng-tam-ngaanทั้งวันtáng-wanแบบนี้bɛ̀ɛp-níiยังyangถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaธรรมดาtam-má-daa
He had a slight headache after working all day; this is still considered normal.
ผลสอบpǒn-sɔ̀ɔpรอบนี้rɔ̂ɔp-níiออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaตามdtaamเกณฑ์geenถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaธรรมดาtam-má-daaไม่ได้mâi-dâaiดีdiiหรือrʉ̌ʉแย่yɛ̂ɛเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèet
This exam result is within the standard, considered normal—neither particularly good nor bad.
2AdjectiveB1
plain; simple; unremarkable
simple and without special features or luxury
Examples
ห้องพักhɔ̂ng-pákห้องพักhɔ̂ng-pák1room (for staying/sleeping)2break room; loungeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เรียบง่ายrîiap-ngâaiเรียบง่ายrîiap-ngâai1simple; plain2modest; unpretentiousและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ธรรมดาtam-má-daaธรรมดาtam-má-daa1ordinary; normal; usual2plain; simple; unremarkable3ordinarily; normally; typicallyไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockของตกแต่งkɔ̌ɔng-dtòk-dtɛ̀ngของตกแต่งkɔ̌ɔng-dtòk-dtɛ̀ngdecorations; decor; decorative items; ornamentsพิเศษpí-sèetพิเศษpí-sèet1special; exceptional2extra; additional3especially; specially; particularly
This room is simple and plain, with no special decorations.
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ฉันchănชอบchôpเสื้อผ้าsêua pâaธรรมดาๆtam-má-daa tam-má-daaไม่ต้องmâi dtôngมีmeeแบรนด์braenหรือrĕuรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatเยอะyéh
I like simple clothes without brands or lots of details.
เมนูmee-nuuวันนี้wan-níiค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangธรรมดาtam-má-daaมีแต่mii-dtɛ̀ɛข้าวkâaoไข่kàiและlɛ́ผักต้มpàk-dtôm
Today’s menu is quite simple—just rice, eggs, and boiled vegetables.
เขาkǎoตกdtòkแต่งบ้านdtɛ̀ng-bâanในnaiสไตล์sà-dtaiธรรมดาtam-má-daaเน้นnénความสะอาดkwaam-sà-àatและlɛ́การใช้งานgaan-chái-ngaanมากกว่าmâak-gwàaความหรูหราkwaam-rǔu-rǎa
He decorates the house in a simple style, prioritizing cleanliness and functionality over luxury.
3AdverbB1
ordinarily; normally; typically
in an ordinary or usual way; as is typical
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ตื่นdtʉ̀ʉnตื่นdtʉ̀ʉn1[to] wake up; awaken2be awake; stay awake3[to] be startled; be alarmed; get excited aboutเช้าcháoเช้าcháo1morning2morning; early-morning3in the morningแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)กินข้าวเช้าgin-kâao-cháoกินข้าวเช้าgin-kâao-cháo[to] eat breakfastแบบbɛ̀ɛpแบบbɛ̀ɛp1style; type; kind; manner2model; pattern; design; template3form; questionnaire4in a ... way; -ly (pre-head adverbial marker)ธรรมดาtam-má-daaธรรมดาtam-má-daa1ordinary; normal; usual2plain; simple; unremarkable3ordinarily; normally; typicallyเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanเหมือนmʉ̌ʉan1similar; alike2like; as3as if; as thoughทุกวันtúk-wanทุกวันtúk-wan1every day; daily2daily; occurring every day
Today I woke up early and had breakfast in the usual way like every day.
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หลังเลิกงานlǎng-lə̂ək-ngaanเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂กลับบ้านglàp-bâanตามปกติdtaam-bpòk-gà-dtìทำอาหารtam-aa-hǎanแบบbɛ̀ɛpธรรมดาtam-má-daaแล้วlɛ́ɛoดูทีวีduu-tii-wii
After work, he goes home as usual, cooks in the usual way, and watches TV.
เวลาwee-laaเจอjəəปัญหาbpan-hǎaเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiเธอtəəก็gɔ̂มักจะmák-jàจัดการjàt-gaanแบบbɛ̀ɛpธรรมดาtam-má-daaไม่mâiทำอะไรtam-à-raiเกินgəənจำเป็นjam-bpen
When facing small problems, she typically handles them in the usual way, not doing anything more than necessary.
งานประชุมngaan-bprà-chumพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiแต่งกายdtɛ̀ng-gaaiตามธรรมดาdtaam-tam-má-daaไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngพิธีรีตรองpí-tii-rii-dtrɔɔngหรือrʉ̌ʉทำอะไรtam-à-raiเกินgəənแบบแผนbɛ̀ɛp-pɛ̌ɛn
For tomorrow's meeting, please dress in the usual way; no need for ceremony or anything beyond the norm.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ธรรมดา said ทัม-มะ-ดา?
tam-má-daa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
tam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ธรรมtamธรรมtam1Dharma; Buddhist teaching2morality; righteousness3natural law; nature (truth)Dharma; Buddhist teachingPart 1
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ธรรมดาtam-má-daaธรรมดาtam-má-daaordinary; normal; usualordinary; normal; usualWord