เพียง
piiangMeanings
1AdverbA2
only; merely; just
no more than; used to limit amount, degree, time, or importance.
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเวลาway-laaเวลาway-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesเพียงpiiangเพียงpiiang1only; merely; just2only; merely (preposed to nouns/phrases)3if merely; as soon as4equal to; as much as (literary)5enough; sufficient (literary/formal)ห้าhâaห้าhâafive (number)นาทีnaa-teeนาทีnaa-tee1minute (time unit)2moment; minute (informal)
He has only five minutes.
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I spent only a small amount of money on this trip.
This job requires only two years of experience.
โครงการkrohng gaanล่าช้าlâa cháaเพราะpráwเราraoมีmeeข้อมูลkôr moonเพียงpiiangบางส่วนbaang sùuanยังyangไม่ครบถ้วนmâi króp tûuan
The project is delayed because we have only partial data, not the complete set.
2determinerB1
only; merely (preposed to nouns/phrases)
used before a noun/phrase to limit scope (e.g., เพียงเธอคนเดียว ‘only you’).
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)อยากyàakอยากyàak1[to] want; desire2to crave; to long forคุยkuiคุยkui1[to] chat; talk2[to] discuss; talk over3[to] brag; boast4[to] talk to [sb] romantically; get to know a potential partner (colloq.)กับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herเพียงคนเดียวpiiang-kon-diiaoเพียงคนเดียวpiiang-kon-diiao1the only person2alone; by oneselfพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiพรุ่งนี้prûng-níi1tomorrow (the day after today)2tomorrow; on the day after today
I want to talk with only you tomorrow.
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Only the core team members may join this task.
He donates only to the local foundation he trusts.
โครงการkrohng gaanนี้néeเปิดรับbpèrt rápเพียงpiiangผู้สมัครpôo sà-màkที่têeมีmeeประสบการณ์ตรงbprà-sòp-gaan dtrongในnaiสาขาsăa-kăaเดียวกันdiao gan
This project accepts only applicants with direct experience in the same field.
3ConjunctionB2
if merely; as soon as
introduces a minimal sufficient condition or an event immediately followed by a result, commonly in the pattern เพียงเพียงpiiang1only; merely; just2only; merely (preposed to nouns/phrases)3if merely; as soon as4equal to; as much as (literary)5enough; sufficient (literary/formal)…ก็ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption marker…
Examples
เพียงpiiangเพียงpiiang1only; merely; just2only; merely (preposed to nouns/phrases)3if merely; as soon as4equal to; as much as (literary)5enough; sufficient (literary/formal)เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยิ้มyímยิ้มyím1[to] smile2smileให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerสบายใจsà-baai jaiสบายใจsà-baai jai1at ease; relieved; contented2[to] feel at ease; feel relievedขึ้นkêunขึ้นkêun1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country8waxing phase (of the moon)ทันทีtan teeทันทีtan teeimmediately; at once
Only when he smiles at me, I feel better right away.
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As soon as the rain begins to fall, people hurry to find shelter.
เพียงpiiangเธอterตั้งใจdtâng jaiฟังfangอย่างแท้จริงyàang tâe jingเรื่องrêuuangที่têeซับซ้อนsáp sónก็gâwจะjàคลี่คลายklêe klaai
Only if you truly pay attention will the complicated matter unravel.
เพียงpiiangเราraoเปิดใจbpèrt jaiคุยกันkui ganอย่างตรงไปตรงมาyàang dtrong bpai dtrong maaความเข้าใจผิดkwaam kâo jai pìtทั้งหลายtáng lăaiก็gâwสิ้นสุดลงsîn sùt long
Only when we open up and speak frankly do all the misunderstandings come to an end.
4PrepositionB2
equal to; as much as (literary)
Used to show that an amount, height, or degree is equal to another.
Examples
น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)6served with broth7empty words; fillerในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ลำธารlam taanลำธารlam taanstream; brookลึกléukลึกléuk1deep2profound; intense3low (pitch); deep (voice)เพียงpiiangเพียงpiiang1only; merely; just2only; merely (preposed to nouns/phrases)3if merely; as soon as4equal to; as much as (literary)5enough; sufficient (literary/formal)เข่าkàoเข่าkàokneeเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)เดินข้ามdern kâamเดินข้ามdern kâam[to] walk across [sth]; [to] cross on footไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
The water in the stream was knee-deep, so we could walk across.
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พุ่มไม้pûm máaiข้างkâangรั้วrúuaสูงsŏongเพียงpiiangไหล่làiฉันchănจึงjeungมองข้ามmong kâamไปbpaiเห็นhĕnบ้านbâanข้างkâangๆ-ได้dâi
The bushes beside the fence are shoulder-high, so I can see the neighboring house over them.
เมื่อmêuuaระดับน้ำrá-dàp námท่วมtûuamสูงsŏongเพียงpiiangอกòkเจ้าหน้าที่jâo nâa têeจึงjeungต้องdtôngใช้cháiเรือreuuaเข้าไปkâo bpaiช่วยchûuaiผู้ที่pôo têeยังyangติดอยู่dtìt yòoในบ้านnai bâan
When the floodwater reached chest height, rescue workers had to use boats to help those still trapped in their homes.
เด็กชายdèk chaaiที่têeเคยkoeiสูงsŏongเพียงpiiangเอวeoแม่mâeเมื่อmêuuaไม่กี่mâi gèeปีก่อนbpee gònตอนนี้dton néeกลับglàpสูงกว่าsŏong gwàaแม่mâeเสียแล้วsĭia láew
The boy who came up to his mother's waist just a few years ago is now taller than she is.
5AdjectiveC1
enough; sufficient (literary/formal)
sufficient in amount or degree; adequate (formal or literary).
Examples
การเตรียมตัวgaan-dtriiam-dtuuaการเตรียมตัวgaan-dtriiam-dtuuaself-preparation; getting oneself readyเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔ1enough; sufficient; adequate2sufficiently; enoughทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)รับมือráp-mʉʉรับมือráp-mʉʉ1[to] handle; cope with2[to] fend off; withstandปัญหาbpan-hǎaปัญหาbpan-hǎa1problem; issue2question (for discussion)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ตื่นตระหนกdtʉ̀ʉn-dtrà-nòkตื่นตระหนกdtʉ̀ʉn-dtrà-nòk[to] panic; be alarmed
Adequate preparation allows us to handle problems without panic.
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เขาkǎoมีmiiเวลาwee-laaพักpákเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔแล้วlɛ́ɛoจึงjʉngกลับมาglàp-maaทำงานtam-ngaanได้dâaiอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพyàang-mii-bprà-sìt-tí-pâap
He had sufficient rest and thus returned to work efficiently.
งบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanที่tîiเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔย่อมyɔ̂mเปิดโอกาสให้bpə̀ət-oo-gàat-hâiโครงการkroong-gaanเดินหน้าdəən-nâaอย่างมั่นคงyàang-mân-kong
A budget that is adequate naturally enables the project to proceed steadily.
หลักฐานlàk-tǎanที่tîiมีอยู่mii-yùuยังyangไม่mâiเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔจะjàชี้ขาดchíi-kàatจึงjʉngควรkuuanรอrɔɔข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunเพิ่มเติมpə̂əm-dtəəmก่อนgɔ̀ɔnตัดสินdtàt-sǐn
The existing evidence is not sufficient to conclude; therefore, we should await more information before deciding.