แคว้น
kwɛ́ɛnMeaning
1NounB2
realm; principality; region
a territory or domain under a ruler or administration; a realm, principality, or historical region (often larger or more autonomous than a province)
Examples
ในอดีตnai-à-dìitในอดีตnai-à-dìitin the past; formerlyพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi1area; space; surface; land area2region; zone; locality; area3space; arena (figurative)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)3shrimp paste (Southern Thai)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)แคว้นkwɛ́ɛnแคว้นkwɛ́ɛnrealm; principality; regionที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerปกครองbpòk-krɔɔngปกครองbpòk-krɔɔng1[to] govern; rule2[to] administer; overseeตนเองdton-eengตนเองdton-eeng1oneself (reflexive pronoun)2one's own (possessive)3the self; one's identityก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàbefore (introducing a clause)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)รวมruuamรวมruuam1[to] include; contain2[to] gather; combine; consolidate3total; sum; aggregate4in total; altogether; overall5combined; total; overallเข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3in; inward4[to] understand5[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)6[to] fit; suit; match7rice (archaic; dialectal)8[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)อาณาจักรaa-naa-jàkอาณาจักรaa-naa-jàk1kingdom; empire (monarchy or historical state)2realm; domain; sphere3kingdom (biology)ใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; senior
In the past, this area was a self-governing realm before being integrated into a large kingdom.
3 more examplesShow less
ประวัติศาสตร์bprà-wàt-sàatเล่าlâoว่าwâaเจ้าเมืองjâo meuuangผู้ครองpôo krongแคว้นkwáenดูแลdoo laeผู้คนpôo konและláeเก็บgèpภาษีpaa-sĕeเพื่อpêuuaพัฒนาpát-tá-naaเมืองmeuuang
History tells that the prince who ruled the principality cared for the people and collected taxes to develop the city.
แคว้นkwɛ́ɛnชายแดนchaai-dɛɛnมักmákมีอำนาจmii-am-nâatกึ่งgʉ̀ngอิสระìt-sà-ràและlɛ́รักษาrák-sǎaขนบธรรมเนียมkà-nòp-tam-niiamของkɔ̌ɔngตนdtonแม้mɛ́ɛอยู่ภายใต้yùu-paai-dtâaiอำนาจam-nâatส่วนกลางsùuan-glaang
Border realms often had semi-autonomous power and preserved their customs even under central authority.
ความรุ่งเรืองkwaam-rûng-rʉʉangของkɔ̌ɔngแคว้นkwɛ́ɛnเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakการค้าgaan-káaทางน้ำtaang-náamและlɛ́การบริหารgaan-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanที่tîiยืดหยุ่นyʉ̂ʉt-yùnซึ่งsʉ̂ngเอื้อให้ʉ̂ʉa-hâiท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnมีส่วนmii-sùuanตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jai
The prosperity of the principality arose from river trade and flexible administration that allowed local decision-making.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คว, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
kwɛ́ɛn
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |