ขาด
kàatMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] lack; be without
to not have something that is needed, desired, or expected
Examples
บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ขาดน้ำkàat-náamขาดน้ำkàat-náam1[to] lack water; be short of water2[to] be dehydratedดื่มdʉ̀ʉmดื่มdʉ̀ʉm1[to] drink2[to] drink alcoholที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerจำเป็นjam-bpenจำเป็นjam-bpen1necessary; essential; required2necessarily; of necessity3[to] have to; be obliged (because necessary)
This house lacks necessary drinking water.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanฉันchǎnขาดkàatเงินสดngən-sòtติดตัวdtìt-dtuuaเลยləəiจ่ายjàaiค่าอาหารkâa-aa-hǎanไม่ได้mâi-dâai
Yesterday I lacked cash on hand, so I couldn't pay for the food.
If he lacks encouragement, he can’t continue working.
ทีมเราtiim-raoขาดkàatผู้นำpûu-namที่tîiเด็ดขาดdèt-kàatจึงjʉngตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiช้าcháaและlɛ́พลาดplâatโอกาสoo-gàat
Our team lacks a decisive leader, so decisions are slow and opportunities are missed.
The list of trainees is still missing Pete's name.
เอกสารèek-gà-sǎanชุดchútนี้níiขาดkàatหน้าnâaสำคัญsǎm-kanไปbpaiหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหน้าnâaทำให้tam-hâiอ่านàanไม่mâiครบkróp
This set of documents is missing a crucial page, making it incomplete to read.
งานนิทรรศการngaan-ní-tát-sà-gaanดูดีduu-diiแต่dtɛ̀ɛขาดkàatคำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baaiผลงานpǒn-ngaanทำให้tam-hâiคนดูkon-duuสับสนsàp-sǒn
The exhibition looks good but lacks work descriptions, which confuses visitors.
ข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌əแผนงานpɛ̌ɛn-ngaanนี้níiขาดkàatรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatด้านdâanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanจึงjʉngยังyangพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaอนุมัติà-nú-mátไม่ได้mâi-dâai
This project proposal is missing budget details, so it cannot be approved yet.
2VerbA2
[to] be short of; run short of; run out of
to have less than needed or to have none left (e.g., run out of supplies)
Examples
ข้าวkâaoข้าวkâao1rice (cooked)2rice (grain/uncooked)3meal; food (general)4rice plant; paddyในบ้านnai-bâanในบ้านnai-bâan1indoors; inside the house2in the house; within the homeใกล้glâiใกล้glâi1near; close (in distance/time/resemblance)2[to] be near; be close toขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be without2[to] be short of; run short of; run out of3[to] be torn; tear; rip4lacking; deficient5[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)6[to] be cut off; be severedต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastซื้อsʉ́ʉซื้อsʉ́ʉ1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extraวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at present
The rice at home is about to run out; we need to buy more today.
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น้ำดื่มnáam-dʉ̀ʉmขาดkàatตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเราraoเลยləəiใช้cháiแก้ขัดgɛ̂ɛ-kàtด้วยdûuaiน้ำก๊อกnáam-gɔ́k
We ran out of drinking water since yesterday, so we made do with tap water.
ร้านนี้ráan-níiขาดkàatไข่ไก่kài-gàiช่วงเช้าchûuang-cháaoเพราะprɔ́ลูกค้าlûuk-káaมาmaaซื้อsʉ́ʉเยอะมากyə́-mâak
This shop ran out of eggs in the morning because so many customers bought them.
ช่วงchûuangเทศกาลtêet-sà-gaanหน้ากากอนามัยnâa-gàak-à-naa-maiมักmákขาดสต็อกkàat-sà-dtɔ́kทำให้tam-hâiต้องdtɔ̂ngสั่งจองล่วงหน้าsàng-jɔɔng-lûuang-nâa
During festivals, face masks often run out of stock, so we have to pre-order.
3VerbB1
[to] be torn; tear; rip
to become torn or ripped, or be in a torn state, as paper or cloth; not to tear something deliberately
Examples
กระดาษgrà-dàatกระดาษgrà-dàat1paper (material)2sheet of paper; piece of paper3paper; written or printed sheetแผ่นpàenแผ่นpàen1sheet; slab; panel2classifier for flat items3disc; recordนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ดึงdeungดึงdeung1[to] pull; draw (toward oneself)2[to] attract; draw (attention/interest)3[to] drag (on a screen)4[to] hold back; delay; stallแรงๆraeng raengแรงๆraeng raeng1forcefully; hard; intensely; loudly2very strong; intense; harsh; potentแล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be without2[to] be short of; run short of; run out of3[to] be torn; tear; rip4lacking; deficient5[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)6[to] be cut off; be severed
This sheet of paper tears when pulled hard.
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The old flag was hit by strong wind until the cloth tore into strips.
The frayed rope snapped during the climb.
The sofa cover has become brittle and tears easily when pulled.
4AdjectiveB1
lacking; deficient
not having enough of something important; insufficient
Examples
ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiช่วงนี้chûuang-níi1these days; lately; currently2this period (of time); the current periodฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be without2[to] be short of; run short of; run out of3[to] be torn; tear; rip4lacking; deficient5[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)6[to] be cut off; be severedการพักผ่อนgaan-pák-pɔ̀ɔnการพักผ่อนgaan-pák-pɔ̀ɔn1rest; relaxation2recreation; relaxing activitiesเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)เหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉai1tired; exhausted2[to] get tired; become tired3tiring; exhausting
Lately I have lacked rest, so I feel tired.
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This project lacks budget, so it has to be postponed.
ทีมtiimของเราkɔ̌ɔng-raoขาดkàatคนkonที่tîiมีประสบการณ์mii-bprà-sòp-gaanทำให้tam-hâiงานngaanเดินช้าdəən-cháaลงlong
Our team is short of experienced people, which slows down the work.
รายงานraai-ngaanชิ้นนี้chín-níiขาดkàatข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunสำคัญsǎm-kanจึงjʉngสรุปผลsà-rùp-pǒnที่tîiน่าเชื่อถือnâa-chʉ̂ʉa-tʉ̌ʉไม่ได้mâi-dâai
This report lacks crucial data, so it cannot draw reliable conclusions.
5VerbB1
[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)
to fail to attend or be present at something that should be attended (e.g., miss class/work)
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ขาดเรียนkàat-riianขาดเรียนkàat-riian[to] be absent from class/schoolเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔuaปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔua1[to] have a headache; one’s head aches2troublesome; mentally exhausting (figurative)
Yesterday I missed class because I had a headache.
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เขาkǎoขาดkàatงานngaanบ่อยbɔ̀iจนjonหัวหน้าhǔua-nâaเริ่มrə̂əmเตือนdtʉʉanว่าwâaอาจàatมีผลต่อmii-pǒn-dtɔ̀ɔการประเมินgaan-bprà-məən
He misses work so often that his boss has started warning him it may affect his evaluation.
นักศึกษาnák-sʉ̀k-sǎaหลายคนlǎai-konขาดkàatสัมมนาsǎm-má-naaเพราะprɔ́ติดdtìtงานกลุ่มngaan-glùmวิชาwí-chaaอื่นʉ̀ʉn
Many students missed the seminar because they were busy with group work for another course.
หากhàakขาดประชุมkàat-bprà-chumใหญ่yàiโดยdooiไม่มีmâi-miiเหตุผลhèet-pǒnสมควรsǒm-kuuanอาจàatถูกตัดสิทธิ์tùuk-dtàt-sìtลงคะแนนlong-ká-nɛɛn
If you miss the general meeting without a valid reason, you may lose your voting rights.
6VerbB2
[to] be cut off; be severed
to be broken or disconnected, as with lines, connections, or continuity
Examples
สัญญาณsăn-yaanสัญญาณsăn-yaan1signal; reception2signal; sign; indication3cue (in communication/behavior)อินเทอร์เน็ตin-ter-nètอินเทอร์เน็ตin-ter-nèt1the Internet2internet access/serviceขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be without2[to] be short of; run short of; run out of3[to] be torn; tear; rip4lacking; deficient5[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)6[to] be cut off; be severedเป็นช่วงbpen chûuangเป็นช่วงbpen chûuang1intermittent; periodic; off and on2[to] occur at intervalsๆ-ทำให้tam hâiทำให้tam hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]คุยkuiคุยkui1[to] chat; talk2[to] discuss; talk over3[to] brag; boast4[to] talk to [sb] romantically; get to know a potential partner (colloq.)วิดีโอwí-dee-ohวิดีโอwí-dee-oh1video (medium; moving images)2video file/clipไม่ต่อเนื่องmâi dtò-nêuuangไม่ต่อเนื่องmâi dtò-nêuuang1discontinuous; intermittent; sporadic2intermittently; discontinuously
The internet signal cuts out intermittently, making the video call choppy.
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ระหว่างrá-wàangพายุpaa-yúสายไฟsǎai-faiขาดkàatหลายlǎaiจุดjùtส่งผลให้sòng-pǒn-hâiทั้งtángหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanไฟดับfai-dàp
During the storm, power lines snapped in several places, causing an outage for the whole village.
การสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanที่tîiขาดkàatตรงจุดdtrong-jùtสำคัญsǎm-kanทำให้tam-hâiโครงkroongการหยุดชะงักgaan-yùt-chá-ngákทันทีtan-tii
A break in communication at a critical point caused the project to halt immediately.
เสียงsĭiangจากjàakไมโครโฟนmai-kroh-fohnขาดkàatๆ-หายhăaiๆ-เพราะpráwสายสัญญาณsăai săn-yaanเริ่มrêrmชำรุดcham-rút
The sound from the microphone kept cutting in and out because the audio cable was starting to fail.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
kàat
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |