ซ้ำ
sámMeanings
1AdverbA2
again; repeatedly
again or more than once; repeatedly
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillถามtǎamถามtǎam1[to] ask; inquire2[to] ask about; consult3[to] question; interrogateคำถามkam-tǎamคำถามkam-tǎamquestionเดิมdəəmเดิมdəəm1original; initial2former; previous3as before; originally; same as beforeซ้ำsámซ้ำsám1again; repeatedly2[to] repeat; do again3duplicate; repeated; identical4on top of that; moreover (worsening)หลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1time; occasion; instance2classifier for occurrences or times
He asked the same question many times again.
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The teacher told us to review the lesson again before the exam.
I entered the door code wrong repeatedly until the system locked.
ถ้าtâaคุณkunทำผิดtam pìtซ้ำsámๆ-แบบนี้bàep néeอาจàatโดนdohnตักเตือนdtàk dteuuanอย่างเป็นทางการyàang bpen taang gaan
If you make the same mistake repeatedly like this, you may receive an official warning.
2VerbA2
[to] repeat; do again
to do, say, or produce something again
Examples
ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutประโยคbprà-yòokประโยคbprà-yòoksentence (grammar)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ซ้ำsámซ้ำsám1again; repeatedly2[to] repeat; do again3duplicate; repeated; identical4on top of that; moreover (worsening)อีกครั้งìik-krángอีกครั้งìik-krángagain; once moreได้ไหมdâai-mǎiได้ไหมdâai-mǎi1is it possible/allowed?; OK?2could you ... ? (request softener)
Could you say this sentence again?
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The teacher had me write my name again once because the handwriting wasn’t clear.
I pressed the send email button again because the system froze.
ถ้าtâaเธอtəəฟังไม่ชัดfang-mâi-chátฉันchǎnจะjàอธิบายà-tí-baaiขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnซ้ำsámตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛต้นdtônจนjonจบjòp
If you didn’t catch it clearly, I’ll explain the steps again from start to finish.
3AdjectiveB1
duplicate; repeated; identical
Being the same as something else or occurring more than once.
Examples
รายชื่อraai-chʉ̂ʉรายชื่อraai-chʉ̂ʉlist of names; rosterนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoชื่อchʉ̂ʉชื่อchʉ̂ʉ1name2[to] be named; be called3reputation; renownซ้ำsámซ้ำsám1again; repeatedly2[to] repeat; do again3duplicate; repeated; identical4on top of that; moreover (worsening)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toลบออกlóp-ɔ̀ɔkลบออกlóp-ɔ̀ɔk[to] delete; [to] eraseหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people
This list has two duplicate names; one needs to be removed.
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ใบเสร็จbai-sètสองsɔ̌ɔngใบbaiนี้níiเป็นbpenข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunซ้ำsámทำให้tam-hâiบัญชีban-chiiคลาดเคลื่อนklâat-klʉ̂ʉan
These two receipts are duplicates, causing discrepancies in the accounts.
ภาพถ่ายpâap-tàaiหลายlǎaiไฟล์faiชื่อchʉ̂ʉเหมือนกันmʉ̌ʉan-ganและlɛ́เนื้อหาnʉ́ʉa-hǎaซ้ำsámทำให้tam-hâiสับสนsàp-sǒnเวลาwee-laaเลือกlʉ̂ʉak
Many photos have the same names and duplicate content, making it confusing to choose.
รายงานraai-ngaanมีmiiตารางdtaa-raangซ้ำsámกับgàpภาคpâakผนวกpà-nùuakจึงjʉngควรkuuanตัดส่วนdtàt-sùuanที่tîiซ้ำsámออกɔ̀ɔkเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความกระชับkwaam-grà-cháp
The report has a table duplicated in the appendix, so the duplicate section should be removed for conciseness.
4AdverbB2
on top of that; moreover (worsening)
furthermore in a way that makes a bad situation worse
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòkสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòk1[to] fail (an exam/test); not pass2[to] fail to meet expectations/standards (figurative)อยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛoอยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛoalready; anyway; of courseซ้ำยังsám-yangซ้ำยังsám-yangfurthermore; moreoverป่วยbpùuaiป่วยbpùuai1sick; ill; unwell2[to] be ill; fall sickจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)ไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)
She had already failed the exam; furthermore, she got sick and couldn’t go to school, making things worse.
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ร้านráanปิดbpìtก่อนเวลาgɔ̀ɔn-wee-laaโดยdooiไม่mâiแจ้งjɛ̂ɛngซ้ำsámพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanยังyangพูดจาpûut-jaaไม่ดีmâi-diiจนjonลูกค้าlûuk-káaไม่พอใจmâi-pɔɔ-jai
The shop closed early without notice; furthermore, the staff spoke rudely, which made customers upset.
โครงการkroong-gaanล่าlâaช้ากว่าcháa-gwàaกำหนดgam-nòtซ้ำsámงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanก็gɔ̂ถูกtùukตัดdtàtทำให้tam-hâiทีมtiimต้องdtɔ̂ngลดlótคุณภาพkun-ná-pâapงานngaanลงlong
The project is behind schedule; furthermore, the budget was cut, forcing the team to lower the quality of the work.
เธอtəəปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔuaมาmaaทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnซ้ำยังsám-yangต้องdtɔ̂ngไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanเช้าcháoโดยdooiไม่ได้นอนmâi-dâai-nɔɔn
She had a headache all night, and to make it worse she had to go to work early without any sleep.
ร้านráanปิดbpìtเร็วกว่าreo-gwàaปกติbpòk-gà-dtìอยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛoซ้ำsámร้ายráaiพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanยังyangทำtamออเดอร์ɔɔ-də̂əหายhǎaiทำtamให้hâiเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngรอrɔɔนานnaan
The shop already closed earlier than usual, and to make things worse, the staff lost our order, making us wait even longer.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtขาดทุนkàat-tunต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangซ้ำsámร้ายráaiผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanยังyangประกาศbprà-gàatตัดงบdtàt-ngópฝึกอบรมfʉ̀k-òp-romทำให้tam-hâiขวัญกำลังใจkwǎn-gam-lang-jaiพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanตกต่ำลงdtòk-dtàm-longไปbpaiอีกìik
The company has been losing money continuously, and to make matters worse, the executives announced cuts to the training budget, causing employee morale to drop even further.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
sám
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |