ต้น
dtônMeanings
1NounA2
tree; plant
A tree or an individual plant, including nonwoody plants; often used before a plant name.
Examples
หน้าบ้านnâa-bâanหน้าบ้านnâa-bâan1front of the house; frontage2front office; customer-facing sideมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoต้นมะม่วงdtôn-má-mûuangต้นมะม่วงdtôn-má-mûuangmango treeใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)
There is a big mango tree in front of the house.
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Yesterday we planted a rose apple tree behind the house.
I water the frangipani tree every morning so it grows quickly.
ต้นdtônประดู่bprà-dùuริมถนนrim-tà-nǒnให้ร่มเงาhâi-rôm-ngaoดีมากdii-mâakทำให้tam-hâiคนkonเดินdəənสบายsà-baaiขึ้นkʉ̂nในnaiวันที่wan-tîiอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔn
The rosewood trees along the road provide great shade, making it more comfortable for pedestrians on hot days.
2AdjectiveA2
beginning; early
the first part of a period of time; early in a range (e.g., ต้นปีต้นปีdtôn-bpiibeginning of the year ‘early in the year’, ต้นเดือนต้นเดือนdtôn-dʉʉan1beginning of the month2early in the month ‘early in the month’)
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เจอกันjəə-ganเจอกันjəə-gan1see you; see you later2[to] meet each other; meet upช่วงต้นเดือนchûuang-dtôn-dʉʉanช่วงต้นเดือนchûuang-dtôn-dʉʉanthe beginning of the monthนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)
We will meet early this month.
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It has been raining heavily since early last year.
I plan to go out of town early next week.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtจะjàประกาศbprà-gàatนโยบายná-yoo-baaiใหม่màiในช่วงnai-chûuangต้นdtônไตรมาสdtrai-mâatเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiทุกtúkทีมtiimเตรียมการdtriiam-gaanล่วงหน้าlûuang-nâa
The company will announce new policies early in the quarter so that all teams can prepare in advance.
3NounB1
origin; source; root cause
the starting point, basis, or cause of something
Examples
ต้นเหตุdtôn-hèetต้นเหตุdtôn-hèetroot cause; originของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsปัญหาคือbpan-hǎa-kʉʉปัญหาคือbpan-hǎa-kʉʉthe problem is...การสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanการสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎan1communication2telecommunications (esp.)ไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenunclear; vague
The root cause of the problem is unclear communication.
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We should find the origin of the rumor before making a decision.
ความเข้าใจผิดkwaam-kâo-jai-pìtนี้níiมีmiiต้นเหตุdtôn-hèetจากjàakข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunที่tîiไม่ครบถ้วนmâi-króp-tûuan
This misunderstanding stems from incomplete information.
วิกฤตwí-grìtครั้งนี้kráng-níiมีmiiต้นเหตุdtôn-hèetเชิงโครงสร้างchəəng-kroong-sâangที่tîiสั่งสมมาsàng-sǒm-maaนานnaan
This crisis has structural root causes that have built up over a long time.
4NounB1
stem; trunk; stalk; base
the main supporting part of a plant or object
Examples
จับjàpจับjàp1[to] hold; grasp2[to] touch; feel3[to] catch; seize; capture4[to] arrest5[to] detect; pick up; sense6[to] attack; come on (of fever)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)แน่นnɛ̂nแน่นnɛ̂n1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)เดี๋ยวdǐiaoเดี๋ยวdǐiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …กิ่งgìngกิ่งgìng1branch; twig (small)2branch; offshoot (figurative)3classifier: branches, twigsจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)หักhàkหักhàk1[to] break; snap2broken; snapped3[to] deduct; withhold4[to] swerve; turn the wheel sharply5[to] bend; fold back6minus; less
Hold the main stem firmly, or the branches will break.
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เชือกchʉ̂ʉakถูกtùukมัดmátไว้wáiกับgàpต้นdtônร่มrômชายหาดchaai-hàatเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiลมlomพัดpátปลิวbpliu
The rope is tied to the main pole of the beach umbrella so the wind won't blow it away.
5ClassifierB1
classifier: trees; plants; poles
A classifier used for trees, individual plants, and certain upright objects such as poles.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillติดตั้งdtìt-dtângติดตั้งdtìt-dtâng1[to] install; set up2[to] mount; fitเสาไฟsǎo-faiเสาไฟsǎo-fai1lamppost2utility pole; power poleเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extraอีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)หน้าบ้านnâa-bâanหน้าบ้านnâa-bâan1front of the house; frontage2front office; customer-facing sideเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)เดือนที่แล้วdʉʉan-tîi-lɛ́ɛoเดือนที่แล้วdʉʉan-tîi-lɛ́ɛolast month
He installed two more utility poles in front of the house last month.
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In the park, there are three large banyan trees beside the pond.
ผู้จัดงานpûu-jàt-ngaanขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiร้านráanเช่าchâoมาmaaติดตั้งdtìt-dtângเสาธงsǎo-tongห้าhâaต้นdtônรอบrɔ̂ɔpเวทีwee-tiiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaความสวยงามkwaam-sǔuai-ngaam
The organizer asked the rental company to install five flagpoles around the stage for decoration.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanตั้งdtângเสาไฟsǎo-faiเพิ่มpə̂əmอีกìikสองsɔ̌ɔngต้นdtônหน้าnâaวัดwátเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiถนนสว่างtà-nǒn-sà-wàangขึ้นkʉ̂n
Villagers installed two more utility poles in front of the temple to make the road brighter.
ฉันchǎnรับผิดชอบráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpดูแลduu-lɛɛต้นdtônสาลี่sǎa-lîiสามต้นsǎam-dtônที่tîiโรงเรียนroong-riianปลูกbplùukไว้wáiข้างสนามkâang-sà-nǎam
I’m responsible for taking care of the three pear trees that the school planted beside the field.
ผู้รับเหมาpûu-ráp-mǎoกำหนดgam-nòtว่าwâaจะjàตั้งdtângเสาธงsǎo-tongเหล็กlèkห้าhâaต้นdtônเรียงriiangตามdtaamแนวรั้วnɛɛo-rúuaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแบ่งbɛ̀ngขอบเขตkɔ̀ɔp-kèetพื้นที่ก่อสร้างpʉ́ʉn-tîi-gɔ̀ɔ-sâang
The contractor specified that five steel flagpoles would be installed along the fence line to demarcate the construction area.
6AdjectiveB2
initial; primary (as prefix)
used before nouns to mean initial/primary version (e.g., ต้นแบบต้นแบบdtôn-bɛ̀ɛp1prototype; first build2exemplar; role model ‘prototype’)
Examples
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporationกำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesทดสอบtót-sɔ̀ɔpทดสอบtót-sɔ̀ɔp[to] test; try out; examineต้นแบบdtôn-bɛ̀ɛpต้นแบบdtôn-bɛ̀ɛp1prototype; first build2exemplar; role modelโทรศัพท์too-rá-sàpโทรศัพท์too-rá-sàp1telephone; phone2[to] telephone [sb]; [to] callรุ่นใหม่rûn-màiรุ่นใหม่rûn-mài1new; newer-generation2new model; new version3the younger generation; new generationกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ผู้ใช้pûu-cháiผู้ใช้pûu-chái1user; person who uses something2user (computing/system)กลุ่มglùmกลุ่มglùm1group; cluster2[to] group; clusterเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slight
The company is testing an early prototype of a new phone with a small group of users.
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งานวิจัยngaan-wí-jaiชิ้นนี้chín-níiยังอยู่yang-yùuในnaiฉบับร่างchà-bàp-râangต้นdtônที่tîiยังyangไม่ผ่านmâi-pàanการทบทวนgaan-tóp-tuuan
This research is still in its initial manuscript form and has not undergone review.
นักออกแบบnák-ɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpเสนอแนวคิดsà-nə̌ə-nɛɛo-kítต้นแบบdtôn-bɛ̀ɛpหลายเวอร์ชันlǎai-wəə-chânก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเลือกlʉ̂ʉakแนวทางnɛɛo-taangสุดท้ายsùt-táai
The designer proposed several prototype versions before choosing the final direction.
เราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngกำหนดgam-nòtสเปกsà-bpéekของkɔ̌ɔngต้นแบบdtôn-bɛ̀ɛpให้hâiชัดเจนchát-jeenเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganความคลุมเครือkwaam-klum-krʉʉaในnaiการพัฒนาgaan-pát-tá-naa
We need to clearly define the prototype specifications to avoid ambiguity in development.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dtôn
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |