ดัน
danMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] push [sth/sb]
to apply force so that something or someone moves away from oneself or forward
Examples
ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]ดันdanดันdan1[to] push [sth/sb]2darn; shoot (mild exclamation)3[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward4[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]5happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)ประตูbprà-dtuuประตูbprà-dtuu1door; gate; portal2goal (structure or score)3classifier: doors; gates; goalsหน่อยnɔ̀iหน่อยnɔ̀i1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)มันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7shiny; glossy8creamy; rich (texture/taste)ติดdtìtติดdtìt1[to] stick; attach; fasten2[to] be stuck; be attached; adhere3[to] catch; pick up (disease/odor/habit)4addicted to; hooked on; attached to5close to; adjacent; touching; contiguous6owing; indebted; behind on payments7busy; occupied; tied up8[to] catch fire; light; start; come on9[to] follow closely; keep close to
Please help push the door; it’s stuck.
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He pushed the stalled car to the side of the road.
We need to push the table against the wall to make space.
She pushed the heavy box along the hallway to the elevator.
2InterjectionB1
darn; shoot (mild exclamation)
a mild exclamation expressing annoyance, surprise, or emphasis (colloquial)
Examples
ดันdanดันdan1[to] push [sth/sb]2darn; shoot (mild exclamation)3[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward4[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]5happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)ลืมlʉʉmลืมlʉʉm1[to] forget2[to] leave behind (by forgetting)3forget to; omit unintentionallyเอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultกุญแจgun-jɛɛกุญแจgun-jɛɛ1key (for a lock)2lock; locking device3key; crucial factor4answer key; key (solutions)5clef (music)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerอีกแล้วìik-lɛ́ɛoอีกแล้วìik-lɛ́ɛoagain; once more (often with annoyance)
Ugh, I forgot to bring the keys again.
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I was just about to go out, and darn it, it started pouring.
I set an alarm, yet annoyingly I still woke up late.
วางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnมาmaaดีมากdii-mâakแล้วlɛ́ɛoดันdanมีเหตุmii-hèetไม่คาดคิดmâi-kâat-kítโผล่plòoมาmaaขัดจังหวะkàt-jang-wà
We planned everything so well, and annoyingly an unforeseen issue popped up to disrupt it.
3VerbB2
[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward
to help move someone or something to a higher position, level, or visibility (often informally, implying backing or support)
Examples
ผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaan1manager; administrator2personal manager; handlerดันdanดันdan1[to] push [sth/sb]2darn; shoot (mild exclamation)3[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward4[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]5happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)น้องใหม่nɔ́ɔng-màiน้องใหม่nɔ́ɔng-mài1newcomer; newbie2freshman; first-year student3newly joined; newcomerให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)มีโอกาสmii-oo-gàatมีโอกาสmii-oo-gàat[to] have a chance (to); [to] have an opportunity (to)นำเสนอnam-sà-nə̌əนำเสนอnam-sà-nə̌ə1[to] present [sth]2[to] propose; put forward [sth]3[to] submit [sth]โปรเจกต์bproo-jèekโปรเจกต์bproo-jèekproject (work/assignment)ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extendผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan1executive; manager; administrator2the management
The manager supported the newcomer to have the opportunity to present the project to the executives.
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เพื่อนๆpêuuan pêuuanช่วยchûuaiดันdanผลงานpŏn ngaanของkŏngเธอterในnaiโซเชียลso-chîianจนjonเริ่มrêrmเป็นที่รู้จักbpen têe róo jàk
Her friends helped boost her work on social media until it started gaining recognition.
ค่ายเพลงkâai-pleengตั้งใจdtâng-jaiดันdanวงwongหน้าใหม่nâa-màiขึ้นสู่kʉ̂n-sùuกระแสหลักgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-làkด้วยdûuaiการโปรโมตgaan-bproo-môotหนักnàk
The label intends to push the new band into the mainstream with heavy promotion.
อาจารย์aa-jaanดันdanลูกศิษย์lûuk-sìtให้hâiไปbpaiเวทีwee-tiiนานาชาติnaa-naa-châatเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพิ่มpə̂əmโอกาสoo-gàatและlɛ́สร้างsâangโปรไฟล์bproo-fai
The professor backed the student to go onto the international stage to increase opportunities and build a profile.
4VerbB2
[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]
to cause a price, value, or level to rise
Examples
ความต้องการkwaam-dtɔ̂ng-gaanความต้องการkwaam-dtɔ̂ng-gaan1want; need; desire2requirement3market demandท่องเที่ยวtɔ̂ɔng-tîiaoท่องเที่ยวtɔ̂ɔng-tîiao[to] travel for leisure; go sightseeingเพิ่มขึ้นpə̂əm-kʉ̂nเพิ่มขึ้นpə̂əm-kʉ̂n1[to] increase; rise; go up2more (than before); to a greater degree3increased; higher; greater than beforeดันdanดันdan1[to] push [sth/sb]2darn; shoot (mild exclamation)3[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward4[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]5happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)ราคาraa-kaaราคาraa-kaa1price; cost2[to] cost; [to be] priced atที่พักtîi-pákที่พักtîi-pák1accommodation; lodging2residence; quarters3shelter; place of refugeให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)สูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂nสูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂n1higher; taller; more elevated2[to] rise; increase; go upในช่วงnai-chûuangในช่วงnai-chûuangduring; in the period ofหยุดยาวyùt-yaaoหยุดยาวyùt-yaao1long break; extended time off; long weekend2[to] take an extended break; have several days off
Rising travel demand pushes accommodation prices up during long holidays.
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ยอดyôtรีวิวree wiuดีๆdee deeช่วยchûuaiดันdanเรตติ้งrèt-dtîngร้านกาแฟráan gaa-faeขึ้นkêunอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang dtò nêuuang
Good reviews help push the coffee shop’s ratings up continuously.
ต้นทุนdtôn-tunวัตถุดิบwát-tù-dìpพุ่งpûngดันdanต้นทุนการผลิตdtôn-tun-gaan-pà-lìtและlɛ́ราคาขายraa-kaa-kǎaiให้hâiขยับkà-yàpตามdtaam
Soaring raw material costs push production costs and selling prices upward.
ข่าวkàaoเชิงบวกchəəng-bùuakจากjàakต่างประเทศdtàang-bprà-têetดันdanดัชนีdàt-chá-niiตลาดหุ้นdtà-làat-hûnทะยานแตะtá-yaan-dtɛ̀จุดสูงสุดjùt-sǔung-sùtรอบrɔ̂ɔpปีbpii
Positive overseas news pushed the stock index to surge to a yearly high.
5InterjectionB2
happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)
used colloquially before a verb to show something happens unexpectedly, inconveniently, or contrary to plan
Examples
ตั้งใจdtâng-jaiตั้งใจdtâng-jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ออกɔ̀ɔkออกɔ̀ɔk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)แต่เช้าdtɛ̀ɛ-cháaoแต่เช้าdtɛ̀ɛ-cháaoearly in the morning; since early morningแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)รถrótรถrót1vehicle (general)2car; automobileดันdanดันdan1[to] push [sth/sb]2darn; shoot (mild exclamation)3[to] promote; propel [sb/sth] forward4[to] push up; drive up [prices, levels, etc.]5happen to; end up (colloq. auxiliary)เสียsǐiaเสียsǐia1broken; out of order2spoiled; ruined; gone bad3[to] pay4[to] lose; forfeit; waste5[to] die; pass away6particle marking emphasis, completion, or decisivenessกลางทางglaang-taangกลางทางglaang-taang1halfway; en route2midway pointเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaan[to] go to workสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7phone call8string; strap; band9lineage; affiliation; branch10classifier for rivers and streams
I planned to leave early, but the car unexpectedly broke down on the way, so I was late for work.
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นัดnátลูกค้าlûuk-káaไว้wáiแล้วlɛ́ɛoฝนfǒnดันdanตกหนักdtòk-nàkจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanประชุมbprà-chum
I had an appointment with a client, but it inconveniently poured, so the meeting had to be postponed.
ผมpǒmเตรียมdtriiamสไลด์sà-laiอย่างดีyàang-diiแล้วlɛ́ɛoโปรเจ็กเตอร์bproo-jèk-dtə̂əดันdanไม่mâiยอมyɔɔmติดdtìtทำให้tam-hâiต้องdtɔ̂ngเปลี่ยนbplìianแผนpɛ̌ɛnกะทันหันgà-tan-hǎn
I prepared the slides carefully, but the projector just wouldn’t turn on unexpectedly, forcing a sudden change of plan.
ตั้งใจdtâng-jaiจะjàประหยัดbprà-yàtทั้งtángเดือนdʉʉanแต่dtɛ̀ɛสิ้นsînสัปดาห์sàp-daaดันdanมีmiiค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàaiฉุกเฉินchùk-chə̌ənโผล่plòoมาmaaเพียบpîiap
I intended to save all month, but at the end of the week a bunch of emergency expenses popped up unexpectedly.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |