ร้าย
ráaiMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
evil; wicked; malicious
morally bad, cruel, or intending harm
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringใจร้ายjai-ráaiใจร้ายjai-ráaicruel; meanที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerหลอกlɔ̀ɔkหลอกlɔ̀ɔk1[to] deceive; cheat; trick2[to] scare; spook; play a trick on3fake; sham; counterfeit4[to] lure; bait; entice (under false pretenses)คนแก่kon-gɛ̀ɛคนแก่kon-gɛ̀ɛelderly person; old personเอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultเงินngənเงินngən1money2funds; finances3silver (metal)
He is a bad person who tricks the elderly out of money.
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เมื่อก่อนmʉ̂ʉa-gɔ̀ɔnเธอtəəทำกับtam-gàpเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanอย่างyàangใจร้ายjai-ráaiไม่mâiฟังfangใครkraiเลยləəi
In the past, she treated her friend cruelly and listened to no one.
The news said a cruel person threatened villagers last night.
แม้mɛ́ɛเขาkǎoจะjàยิ้มyímเก่งgèngแต่dtɛ̀ɛคำพูดkam-pûutที่tîiแทงใจtɛɛng-jaiคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnนั้นnánร้ายráaiมากmâak
Though he smiles easily, his words that pierce others are truly cruel.
2AdjectiveB1
severe; grave; serious
very bad in degree or effect, such as severe damage, a grave illness, or a serious situation
Examples
พายุpaa-yúพายุpaa-yú1storm2storm (figurative)เมื่อคืนนี้mʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉn-níiเมื่อคืนนี้mʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉn-níi1last night (time reference)2last night (time noun)สร้างsâangสร้างsâang1[to] build; construct2[to] create; produce3[to] establish; found4[to] generate; developความเสียหายkwaam-sǐia-hǎaiความเสียหายkwaam-sǐia-hǎai1damage; harm; injury2losses (esp. monetary/quantified)อย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4like; as; such as5in the manner of; -lyร้ายแรงráai-rɛɛngร้ายแรงráai-rɛɛngserious; severe; graveกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลัง5domestic; domesticated; cultivatedหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structure
Last night's storm caused severe damage to many houses.
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หมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaอาการขาดน้ำaa-gaan-kàat-náamของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเริ่มrə̂əmรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngต้องdtɔ̂ngให้hâiน้ำเกลือnáam-glʉʉaทันทีtan-tii
The doctor said his dehydration was becoming severe and saline had to be given immediately.
ถ้าtâaไฟป่าfai-bpàaลุกลามlúk-laamต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanจะjàรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngกว่าที่gwàa-tîiคาดไว้kâat-wáiมากmâak
If the forest fire continues to spread, the situation will be far more severe than expected.
ภาวะpaa-wáฝุ่นfùnหนาnǎaทำให้tam-hâiปัญหาสุขภาพbpan-hǎa-sùk-kà-pâapรุนแรงขึ้นrun-rɛɛng-kʉ̂nในnaiกลุ่มผู้สูงอายุglùm-pûu-sǔung-aa-yúและlɛ́ผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiโรคrôokปอดbpɔ̀ɔt
The heavy smog has made health problems more severe among the elderly and those with lung diseases.
3AdjectiveB1
fierce; vicious; dangerous
having an aggressive, hostile, or dangerous nature (e.g., a fierce animal or person)
Examples
หมาmǎaหมาmǎa1dog2dog (insult)ตัวนั้นdtuua-nánตัวนั้นdtuua-nánthat one [animal, item]ดุdùดุdù1strict; stern; scolding2fierce; aggressive; ferocious3[to] scold; rebukeมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneร้ายráaiร้ายráai1evil; wicked; malicious2severe; grave; serious3fierce; vicious; dangerousจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)กล้าglâaกล้าglâa1brave; courageous2to dare3seedling; young plant4bravely; boldlyเข้าใกล้kâo-glâiเข้าใกล้kâo-glâi1[to] approach [sb/sth]; come near2[to] come close to (a state/result)3[to] approach (a limit)
That dog is very aggressive, so fierce that people don’t dare to approach.
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เขาkǎoขึ้นkʉ̂nเสียงsǐiangใส่sàiคนขายkon-kǎaiด้วยdûuaiท่าทีtâa-tiiร้ายráaiทำให้tam-hâiทุกคนtúk-konในnaiร้านráanตกใจdtòk-jai
He raised his voice at the vendor in a fierce manner, startling everyone in the shop.
เสือโคร่งsʉ̌ʉa-krôongในnaiเขตkèetนี้níiค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangร้ายráaiชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเลยləəiไม่mâiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiหาhǎaของป่าkɔ̌ɔng-bpàaคนเดียวkon-diiao
The tigers in this area are rather fierce, so villagers don’t go foraging alone.
นักมวยnák-muuaiคนkonนั้นnánขึ้นชกkʉ̂n-chókด้วยdûuaiท่าทีtâa-tiiร้ายráaiดุดันdù-danจนjonคู่ต่อสู้kûu-dtɔ̀ɔ-sûuไม่mâiกล้าglâaแลกหมัดlɛ̂ɛk-màt
That boxer fought with a fierce, hostile demeanor, so aggressive that his opponent didn’t dare trade punches.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
ráai
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |