ค้าง
káangMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] stay over; spend the night
to stay somewhere temporarily, especially overnight
Examples
คืนนี้kʉʉn-níiคืนนี้kʉʉn-níi1tonight (the night of today)2tonightฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ค้างkáangค้างkáang1[to] stay over; spend the night2[to] remain; be left over3[to be] overdue; outstanding4[to] remain suspended; be stuck in position5[to] freeze; stop respondingบ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellow
Tonight I will stay over at a friend’s house.
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We went to the beach and stayed at a resort for one night.
If it keeps raining hard, we might have to stay overnight in town first.
พรุ่งนี้เช้าprûng-née cháoต้องdtôngเข้าkâoประชุมbprà-chumเร็วreoฉันchănเลยloieจะjàค้างkáangใกล้ๆglâi glâiที่ทำงานtêe tam ngaan
I have an early meeting tomorrow morning, so I’ll stay overnight near the office.
2VerbB1
[to] remain; be left over
to be left unfinished, unresolved, or remaining
Examples
งานบ้านngaan-bâanงานบ้านngaan-bâanhousework; choresยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)ค้างอยู่káang-yùuค้างอยู่káang-yùu[to] be pending; [to] be stuckเดี๋ยวdǐiaoเดี๋ยวdǐiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …เย็นนี้yen-níiเย็นนี้yen-níi1this evening2this evening's (as a modifier)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ทำต่อtam-dtɔ̀ɔทำต่อtam-dtɔ̀ɔ[to] continue; [to] carry on
The housework is still unfinished; I’ll continue this evening.
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เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangที่tîiเราraoคุยกันkui-ganเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanยังyangค้างอยู่káang-yùuเราraoนัดnátสรุsà-rùพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiได้ไหมdâai-mǎi
The matter we discussed yesterday is still unresolved; can we finalize it tomorrow?
โครงการkroong-gaanค้างkáangมาหลายเดือนmaa-lǎai-dʉʉanเพราะprɔ́ยังไม่ได้yang-mâi-dâaiอนุมัติà-nú-mátงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maan
The project has remained unfinished for months because the budget hasn’t been approved.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiค้างkáangในnaiระบบrá-bòpมานานmaa-naanเนื่องจากnʉ̂ʉang-jàakยังyangหาhǎaข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpที่tîiทุกtúkฝ่ายfàaiยอมรับyɔɔm-rápร่วมกันrûuam-ganไม่ได้mâi-dâai
This issue has remained unresolved in the system for a long time because a mutually accepted conclusion hasn’t been found.
3VerbB1
[to be] overdue; outstanding
to be unpaid or pending past the expected time (e.g., bills, tasks)
Examples
ค่าไฟkâa-faiค่าไฟkâa-faielectricity bill/chargeของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnmy; mineค้างkáangค้างkáang1[to] stay over; spend the night2[to] remain; be left over3[to be] overdue; outstanding4[to] remain suspended; be stuck in position5[to] freeze; stop respondingสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondเดือนdʉʉanเดือนdʉʉan1month2the Moon; moonแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastจ่ายjàaiจ่ายjàai1[to] pay2[to] disburse; distribute (funds/resources)3[to] spend (money)ด่วนdùuanด่วนdùuan1urgent; immediate2urgent; express (service/class)3urgently; in a hurry
My electricity bill has been unpaid for two months; I need to pay urgently.
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ค่าธรรมเนียมkâa-tam-niiamเอกสารèek-gà-sǎanถูกtùukค้างkáangตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛสัปดาห์sàp-daaที่แล้วtîi-lɛ́ɛoเพราะprɔ́ยังไม่ได้yang-mâi-dâaiชำระcham-rá
The paperwork has been pending since last week because the manager hasn’t approved it.
ค่าสมาชิกkâa-sà-maa-chíkยิมyimของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoค้างอยู่káang-yùuทำให้tam-hâiบัตรbàtเข้าใช้kâo-cháiงานngaanถูกtùukระงับrá-ngápชั่วคราวchûua-kraao
His gym membership fee is overdue, so his access card has been temporarily suspended.
ยอดชำระyɔ̂ɔt-cham-ráที่tîiค้างkáangสะสมsà-sǒmมาmaaหลายlǎaiงวดngûuatกระทบgrà-tópประวัติbprà-wàtเครดิตkree-dìtของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəและlɛ́อาจàatทำให้tam-hâiกู้gûuยากyâakขึ้นkʉ̂n
The accumulated overdue payments over several cycles are affecting her credit history and may make borrowing more difficult.
4VerbB2
[to] remain suspended; be stuck in position
to remain held or caught in a position rather than falling, moving, or returning to the usual position
Examples
สายหูฟังsǎai-hǔu-fangสายหูฟังsǎai-hǔu-fangheadphone cable; earphone wireค้างอยู่káang-yùuค้างอยู่káang-yùu[to] be pending; [to] be stuckที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerขอบkɔ̀ɔpขอบkɔ̀ɔp1edge; rim; border2margin (of a page or surface)3brim (hat or container)4lip (of a container or opening)5borderline; periphery (figurative)โต๊ะdtóโต๊ะdtó1table2deskดึงdʉngดึงdʉng1[to] pull; draw (toward oneself)2[to] attract; draw (attention/interest)3[to] drag (on a screen)4[to] hold back; delay; stallเท่าไรtâo-raiเท่าไรtâo-raihow much; how manyก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)หลุดlùtหลุดlùt1[to] come off; come loose2[to] slip out; leak3[to] escape; get free4off-target; outside the intended bounds
The earphone cord is snagged on the edge of the table; no matter how I pull, it won't come off.
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My shirt got caught on a nail, so I couldn't keep walking.
ประตูลิฟต์bprà-dtuu-lípค้างอยู่káang-yùuกึ่งกลางgʉ̀ng-glaangไม่mâiปิดสนิทbpìt-sà-nìtและlɛ́ไม่mâiยอมyɔɔmเปิดbpə̀ətต่อdtɔ̀ɔ
The elevator door is stuck halfway, neither closing fully nor opening further.
หยดน้ำค้างyòt-náam-káangอยู่yùuปลายใบbplaai-baiไม้máaiเป็นเวลานานbpen-wee-laa-naanราวกับraao-gàpถูกtùukแขวนkwɛ̌ɛnไว้wái
A drop of water hung at the tip of the leaf for a long time as if suspended.
5VerbB2
[to] freeze; stop responding
computing: of a device or program, to stop working or become unresponsive
Examples
คอมพิวเตอร์kɔm-piu-dtə̂əคอมพิวเตอร์kɔm-piu-dtə̂ə1computer2computer [attrib.]ค้างkáangค้างkáang1[to] stay over; spend the night2[to] remain; be left over3[to be] overdue; outstanding4[to] remain suspended; be stuck in position5[to] freeze; stop respondingตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; periodผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)กำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesบันทึกban-tʉ́kบันทึกban-tʉ́k1record; note; memorandum2[to] record; write down; log3[to] save; record (file/audio/video)งานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)พอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenรีสตาร์ตrii-sà-dtàatรีสตาร์ตrii-sà-dtàat1[to] restart (device/app)2a restart; a rebootก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerหายhǎaiหายhǎai1[to] disappear; be gone2be missing; lost3[to] recover; get better4[to] stop; cease (of a symptom/state)หมดmòtหมดmòt1all gone; none left2[to] run out; be used up3completely; entirely4in total; altogether
The computer froze while I was saving my work; after restarting, it was all gone.
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แอปค้างɛ́p-káangบ่อยbɔ̀iมากmâakวันนี้wan-níiต้องdtɔ̂ngปิดแล้วเปิดใหม่bpìt-lɛ́ɛo-bpə̀ət-màiหลายรอบlǎai-rɔ̂ɔp
The app kept freezing a lot today; I had to close and reopen it many times.
If the program hangs, press Force Quit and open it again.
เครื่องค้างkrʉ̂ʉang-káangเพราะprɔ́หน่วยความจำnùuai-kwaam-jamเต็มdtemลองlɔɔngล้างแคชláang-kɛ̂ɛtก่อนgɔ̀ɔnรีสตาร์ตrii-sà-dtàat
The device froze because the memory was full; try clearing the cache before restarting.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
káang
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |