เนื้อ
nʉ́ʉaMeanings
1NounA1
meat; flesh
the edible flesh of animals; also the soft tissue of a human or animal body under the skin
Examples
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Dogs really like to eat meat.
Yesterday I bought fresh meat from the market.
The doctor said the flesh of his arm is slightly bruised.
I like lean meat.
Mom ordered tender meat to make steak yesterday.
เขาkǎoขอkɔ̌ɔเนื้อnʉ́ʉaส่วนsùuanที่tîiนุ่มnûmเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèetสำหรับsǎm-ràpผู้สูงอายุpûu-sǔung-aa-yú
He asked for an especially tender cut of meat for the elderly.
เชฟchéepแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiใช้cháiเนื้อสันในnʉ́ʉa-sǎn-naiเพราะprɔ́ทั้งtángนุ่มnûmและlɛ́ไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iมันman
The chef recommends using tenderloin because it is both tender and not very fatty.
2NounA2
flesh; pulp (of fruit)
the soft, edible part of a fruit
3NounB1
texture; grain (surface of materials)
the texture or grain of a material such as fabric, paper, leather, wood, or metal (e.g., fine/coarse grain)
Examples
กระดาษgrà-dàatกระดาษgrà-dàat1paper (material)2sheet of paper; piece of paper3paper; written or printed sheetแผ่นpɛ̀nแผ่นpɛ̀n1sheet; slab; panel2classifier for flat items3disc; recordนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoเนื้อละเอียดnʉ́ʉa-lá-ìiatเนื้อละเอียดnʉ́ʉa-lá-ìiatfine-textured; fine-grainedเขียนkǐianเขียนkǐian1[to] write2[to] draw; sketch3[to] fill out; write in4[to] compose; author5[to] write (data); burn (a disc)ลื่นมือlʉ̂ʉn-mʉʉลื่นมือlʉ̂ʉn-mʉʉslippery/slick to the touch
This sheet of paper has a fine texture; it writes smoothly.
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ช่างเลือกchâng-lʉ̂ʉakไม้máaiที่tîiมีmiiเนื้อแน่นnʉ́ʉa-nɛ̂nและlɛ́เสี้ยนsîianตรงdtrongเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำtamโต๊ะdtóให้hâiทนทานton-taan
The craftsman chose wood with a dense, straight grain to make a durable table.
ผ้าลินินpâa lí-ninผืนpĕunนี้néeมีเนื้อmee néuuaหยาบyàapนิดnítๆ-ระบายอากาศrá-baai aa-gàatได้ดีdâai deeเหมาะกับmòr gàpอากาศร้อนaa-gàat rón
This linen fabric has a slightly coarse texture and breathes well, suitable for hot weather.
ปกหนังสือbpòk-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉทำจากtam-jàakหนังnǎngลูกวัวlûuk-wuuaเนื้อnʉ́ʉaนุ่มnûmสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əไม่มีmâi-miiรอยด่างrɔɔi-dàangและlɛ́มีmiiผิวpǐuสัมผัสเนียนsǎm-pàt-niianมือmʉʉ
The book cover is made of calfskin with an even, soft grain, free of blemishes and with a smooth feel.
4NounB1
human body (skin and flesh)
the body in terms of skin and flesh; the physical form as opposed to clothing or accessories
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillถอดเสื้อtɔ̀ɔt-sʉ̂ʉaถอดเสื้อtɔ̀ɔt-sʉ̂ʉa[to] take off [one’s/sb’s] shirt; remove one’s top; strip to the waistโชว์chooโชว์choo1[to] show; display; put on (a show)2show (performance)เรือนrʉʉanเรือนrʉʉan1house; dwelling (traditional/wooden); hull/body (of sth)2classifier: houses; clocks; watches3body; figure (formal/lit.)เนื้อที่nʉ́ʉa-tîiเนื้อที่nʉ́ʉa-tîi1area; surface area (land or space)2available space; storage spaceมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoรอยสักrɔɔi-sàkรอยสักrɔɔi-sàktattoo
He took off his shirt to show his body with a tattoo.
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เวลาwee-laaเต้นรำdtên-ramเธอtəəระวังrá-wangไม่ให้mâi-hâiชุดchútแนบเนื้อnɛ̂ɛp-nʉ́ʉaมากเกินไปmâak-gəən-bpai
When dancing, she takes care not to let the outfit cling too close to the body.
นักออกแบบnák-ɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpพูดถึงpûut-tʉ̌ngการตัดgaan-dtàtชุดchútให้hâiเข้ากับkâo-gàpสัดส่วนsàt-sùuanและlɛ́แนบเนื้อnɛ̂ɛp-nʉ́ʉaพอดีpɔɔ-dii
The designer talked about tailoring the dress to fit the proportions and lie close to the body.
เขาkǎoเลือกlʉ̂ʉakเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaที่tîiเรียบง่ายrîiap-ngâaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiความงามkwaam-ngaamของkɔ̌ɔngเรือนrʉʉanเนื้อnʉ́ʉaโดดเด่นdòot-dèenโดยdooiไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngพึ่งpʉ̂ngเครื่องประดับkrʉ̂ʉang-bprà-dàp
He chose simple clothing so the beauty of the physical form stands out without relying on accessories.
She scraped her nails gently to avoid scratching the skin and flesh.
นักวาดnák-wâatสังเกตsǎng-gèetว่าwâaแสงsɛ̌ɛngตกกระทบdtòk-grà-tópผิวpǐuเนื้อnʉ́ʉaทำให้เห็นtam-hâi-hěnรอยเลือดrɔɔi-lʉ̂ʉatฝาดfàatตามธรรมชาติdtaam-tam-má-châat
The artist observed how light fell on the skin and flesh, revealing a natural blush.
พิธีกรรมpí-tii-gamนี้níiเน้นnénการกลับgaan-glàpสู่sùuความเป็นมนุษย์kwaam-bpen-má-nútโดยdooiแยกแยะyɛ̂ɛk-yɛ́ระหว่างrá-wàangเครื่องประดับkrʉ̂ʉang-bprà-dàpภายนอกpaai-nɔ̂ɔkกับgàpเนื้อnʉ́ʉaอันanเปราะบางbprɔ̀-baangของเราkɔ̌ɔng-rao
This ritual emphasizes returning to our humanity by distinguishing between external ornaments and our fragile flesh.
บทbòtกวีพรรณนาgà-wii-pan-ná-naaเนื้อที่nʉ́ʉa-tîiช้ำchámระเรื่อrá-rʉ̂ʉaใต้dtâaiรอยสักrɔɔi-sàkเป็นbpenสัญลักษณ์sǎn-yá-lákของkɔ̌ɔngความทรงจำkwaam-song-jamที่tîiฝังอยู่fǎng-yùuในnaiกายgaai
The poem describes the bruised flesh beneath the tattoo as a symbol of memories embedded in the body.
5NounB2
content; substantive matter
the substantive content or essence of a text, speech, work, or discussion (as opposed to style or form)
Examples
รายงานraai-ngaanรายงานraai-ngaan1report (document/account)2[to] report; inform officiallyนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)สวยsǔuaiสวยsǔuai1beautiful; pretty2nicely done; fine3beautifully; nicely; neatlyแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)รูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)เนื้อnʉ́ʉaเนื้อnʉ́ʉa1meat; flesh2flesh; pulp (of fruit)3texture; grain (surface of materials)4human body (skin and flesh)5content; substantive matter6core/body of an objectไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenไม่ชัดเจนmâi-chát-jeenunclear; vagueพอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; when
This report looks nice, but the substance isn’t clear enough.
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เวลาwee-laaเขียนบทkǐian-bòtความkwaamควรkuuanสรุปsà-rùpเนื้อnʉ́ʉaให้hâiกระชับgrà-chápและlɛ́ตรงประเด็นdtrong-bprà-den
When writing an article, you should summarize the content concisely and to the point.
แม้mɛ́ɛสไตล์sà-dtaiการพูดgaan-pûutของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəจะjàดึงดูดใจdʉng-dùut-jaiแต่dtɛ̀ɛเนื้อnʉ́ʉaการบรรยายgaan-ban-yaaiยังyangขาดkàatข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunสำคัญsǎm-kanหลายlǎaiส่วนsùuan
Although her speaking style is engaging, the substance of the lecture still lacks several key pieces of information.
ผู้ฟังpôo fangต้องการdtông gaanเนื้อnéuuaของkŏngการประชุมgaan bprà-chumที่ชัดเจนtêe chát jaynไม่ใช่mâi châiเพียงpiiangสไลด์sà-láiสวยsŭuaiๆ-
The audience wants clear substantive content from the meeting, not just pretty slides.
6NounB2
core/body of an object
the main body, core portion, or solid part of an object, excluding outer layers, casing, or decoration
Examples
ปอกbpɔ̀ɔkปอกbpɔ̀ɔk[to] peel; pare; shellส้มsômส้มsôm1orange (fruit)2orange (color)3orange; orangish4sour (regional)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)กินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] take medicine (colloquial)4[to] consume; use up5[to] corrode; erode; eat into6[to] take (a bribe); pocketเฉพาะchà-pɔ́เฉพาะchà-pɔ́1exclusive (to); restricted (to)2specific; particular3exclusively; onlyเนื้อnʉ́ʉaเนื้อnʉ́ʉa1meat; flesh2flesh; pulp (of fruit)3texture; grain (surface of materials)4human body (skin and flesh)5content; substantive matter6core/body of an objectข้างในkâang-naiข้างในkâang-nai1inside; within2inside (of); within3the inside; the interior4Inner Court; female royal household (historical)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)กินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] take medicine (colloquial)4[to] consume; use up5[to] corrode; erode; eat into6[to] take (a bribe); pocketเปลือกbplʉ̀ʉakเปลือกbplʉ̀ʉak1shell; rind; peel; husk; bark2surface; superficial appearance (figurative)
Peel the orange and eat only the flesh, not the peel.
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แกะgɛ̀ของขวัญkɔ̌ɔng-kwǎnออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaแล้วlɛ́ɛoยังyangไม่mâiเห็นhěnของจริงkɔ̌ɔng-jingเพราะprɔ́ยังyangไม่mâiถึงtʉ̌ngเนื้อnʉ́ʉaข้างในkâang-nai
After unwrapping the gift, we still couldn’t see the real item because we hadn’t reached the core inside.
ช่างchângบอกว่าbòk wâaตู้ไม้dtôo máaiนี้néeสวยsŭuaiที่têeลายlaaiแต่dtàeถ้าtâaดูdooเนื้อnéuuaจริงjingๆ-ยังyangแน่นnâenและláeแข็งแรงkăeng raengมากmâak
The craftsman said this wooden cabinet is pretty for its pattern, but if you look at the actual core, it’s solid and sturdy.
ขนมkà-nǒmนี้níiสวยsǔuaiเพราะprɔ́ครีมkriimด้านนอกdâan-nɔ̂ɔkแต่dtɛ̀ɛความอร่อยkwaam-à-rɔ̀iอยู่ที่yùu-tîiเนื้อเค้กnʉ́ʉa-kéekที่tîiฟูfuuและlɛ́ชุ่มฉ่ำchûm-chàm
This dessert is pretty because of the outer cream, but the deliciousness lies in the cake’s soft, moist core.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
nʉ́ʉa
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |