ช้ำ
chámMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
bruised (skin/fruit/plant)
injured beneath the surface causing discoloration, softness, or soreness; used for people’s skin and for fruit or plants damaged by pressure or impact
Examples
แอปเปิลɛ́p-bpə̂nแอปเปิลɛ́p-bpə̂n1apple (fruit)2Apple (company)ลูกlûukลูกlûuk1child; son; daughter2offspring (of animals); young3ball; spherical object4fruit5classifier: fruits, balls, and certain other objectsนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ช้ำchámช้ำchám1bruised (skin/fruit/plant)2sore; tender from overuse/impact3emotionally wounded; heartsoreเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingโดนdoonโดนdoon1[to] get; be subjected to (passive, often negative)2[to] be hit; be struck; be affected3[to] hit the mark; be spot on (slang/colloq.)กดgòtกดgòt1[to] press; push down2[to] click; tap (button/key)3[to] suppress; hold downในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)กระเป๋าgrà-bpǎoกระเป๋าgrà-bpǎo1bag; handbag; purse2pocket3wallet4classifier: ใบ
This apple is bruised because it was pressed in the bag.
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หลังจากlăng jàakลื่นล้มlêun lómผิวpĭuที่têeเข่าkàoของเขาkŏng kăoช้ำchámและláeมีรอยmee roiม่วงmûuangจางๆjaang jaang
After slipping and falling, his knee had a faint purple bruise.
กล้วยglûuaiที่tîiสุกsùkเกินไปgəən-bpaiจะjàช้ำchámง่ายngâaiและlɛ́เป็นรอยbpen-rɔɔiดำdamเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaถูกtùukกระแทกgrà-tɛ̂ɛk
Overripe bananas bruise easily and develop dark marks when bumped.
ดอกกุหลาบdɔ̀ɔk-gù-làapบางbaangดอกdɔ̀ɔkช้ำchámจากjàakแรงบีบrɛɛng-bìipระหว่างrá-wàangขนส่งkǒn-sòngทำให้tam-hâiกลีบglìipเหี่ยวhìiaoยุบyúpและlɛ́เปลี่ยนสีbplìian-sǐi
Some roses were bruised from pressure during shipping, causing the petals to wilt, collapse, and discolor.
2AdjectiveB1
sore; tender from overuse/impact
feeling painful or tender after being hit, pressed, or used too much
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ยกyókยกyók1[to] lift; raise2[to] give; dedicate; donate3[to] promote; elevate (rank/status)4[to] cite; invoke (as an example/reason)5classifier: round6[to] waive; remit; dismissของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsหนักเกินไปnàk-gəən-bpaiหนักเกินไปnàk-gəən-bpai1too heavy2too severe; too harshวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentไหล่làiไหล่lài1shoulder (body)2shoulder (of clothing)3shoulder (slope/edge)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedช้ำchámช้ำchám1bruised (skin/fruit/plant)2sore; tender from overuse/impact3emotionally wounded; heartsoreแตะdtɛ̀แตะdtɛ̀1[to] touch lightly; tap2[to] reach; hit (a level)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เจ็บjèpเจ็บjèp1sore; painful2[to] hurt; be in pain3hurt (emotionally)4injured
Yesterday I lifted something too heavy, so today my shoulder is tender and hurts when touched.
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นักวิ่งnák-wîngซ้อมsɔ́ɔmต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangหลายlǎaiวันwanจนjonกล้ามเนื้อglâam-nʉ́ʉaขาkǎaช้ำchámเดินขึ้นdəən-kʉ̂nบันไดban-daiแล้วlɛ́ɛoปวดจี๊ดbpùuat-jíit
The runner trained many days in a row until the leg muscles were sore; it stings when walking up stairs.
ผมpǒmเผลอชนplə̌ə-chonขอบkɔ̀ɔpโต๊ะdtóหลายlǎaiครั้งkrángบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenเดิมdəəmทำให้tam-hâiตรงนั้นdtrong-nánช้ำchámและlɛ́กดgòtแล้วlɛ́ɛoเจ็บjèp
I accidentally bumped the same spot on the table several times, making it tender and painful when pressed.
หลังจากlăng jàakซ้อมsómเตะบอลdtè bonหนักnàkๆ-ข้อเท้าkô táaoรับrápแรงraengซ้ำsámๆ-จนjonช้ำchámพอporขยับkà-yàpมากmâakก็gâwปวดbpùuatลึกléukๆ-
After intensive soccer practice, the ankle took repeated impact and became tender; moving it a lot causes a deep pain.
3AdjectiveB2
emotionally wounded; heartsore
feeling deeply hurt or pained emotionally, often from repeated disappointment or heartbreak
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillผิดหวังpìt-wǎngผิดหวังpìt-wǎng1[to] be disappointed2disappointedจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmความรักkwaam-rákความรักkwaam-rák1love; affection2romance; romantic relationshipหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1time; occasion; instance2classifier for occurrences or timesจนใจjon-jaiจนใจjon-jai[to] be at one's wit's end; be helplessช้ำchámช้ำchám1bruised (skin/fruit/plant)2sore; tender from overuse/impact3emotionally wounded; heartsoreไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)กล้าglâaกล้าglâa1brave; courageous2to dare3seedling; young plant4bravely; boldlyเปิดใจbpə̀ət-jaiเปิดใจbpə̀ət-jai1open up emotionally2be open-minded/receptiveอีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)
After many heartbreaks, his heart is bruised and he doesn't dare open up again.
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Mom's harsh words repeated over time have left me emotionally hurt, even though she means well.
คำสัญญาkam-sǎn-yaaที่tîiถูกผิดtùuk-pìtนัดnátซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám-lɛ́ɛo-sám-lâoทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəช้ำลึกchám-lʉ́kและlɛ́เริ่มrə̂əmไม่mâiเชื่อใจchʉ̂ʉa-jaiใครkrai
Promises broken again and again have wounded her deeply, and she has begun to trust no one.
เมื่อmêuuaความหวังkwaam wăngพังลงpang longซ้ำsámๆ-เขาkăoจึงjeungช้ำchámจนjonเฉยชาchŏei-chaaเหมือนmĕuuanป้องกันตัวbpông-gan dtuuaเองayngจากjàakความเจ็บปวดkwaam jèp bpùuat
When hopes kept collapsing, he became so emotionally hurt that he turned numb, as if protecting himself from pain.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
chám
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |