แกร่ง
grɛ̀ngMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
hard; solid
physically hard, solid, or difficult to break
Examples
หินhǐnหินhǐn1stone; rock2gravel; small stones3hard; tough (figurative)ก้อนgɔ̂ɔnก้อนgɔ̂ɔn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)แกร่งgrɛ̀ngแกร่งgrɛ̀ng1hard; solid2tough; resilient3robust (economy/organization)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousทุบtúpทุบtúp1[to] hit; strike; smash2[to] pound; crush3[to] slash; drive down (prices)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)แตกdtɛ̀ɛkแตกdtɛ̀ɛk1[to] crack; break; shatter2broken; cracked3[to] burst; rupture4[to] split up; fall apart (figurative)5[to] be exposed; come to light6[to] ejaculate; climax (slang)
This rock is very hard; it doesn’t break when struck.
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ช่างchângบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaเหล็กlèkชนิดchá-nítนี้níiแกร่งgrɛ̀ngพอpɔɔสำหรับsǎm-ràpทำtamโครงสร้างบ้านkroong-sâang-bâan
The technician said this type of steel is hard enough for building a house structure.
กระจกgrà-jòkนิรภัยní-rá-paiนี้níiแกร่งgrɛ̀ngกว่าgwàaกระจกgrà-jòkทั่วไปtûua-bpaiจึงjʉngทนtonแรงกระแทกrɛɛng-grà-tɛ̂ɛkได้ดีdâai-dii
This safety glass is harder than regular glass, so it withstands impact well.
พื้นหินขัดpʉ́ʉn-hǐn-kàtในnaiโรงงานroong-ngaanต้องdtɔ̂ngแกร่งgrɛ̀ngและlɛ́ทนสึกton-sʉ̀kเพื่อรองรับpʉ̂ʉa-rɔɔng-rápเครื่องจักรkrʉ̂ʉang-jàkหนักnàk
The polished stone floor in the factory must be hard and wear-resistant to support heavy machinery.
2AdjectiveB1
tough; resilient
mentally or emotionally strong; able to endure hardship or pressure
Examples
เธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; throughเรื่องrêuuangเรื่องrêuuang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)หนักๆnàk nàkหนักๆnàk nàk1heavily; intensely; hard; severely2very heavy/intense; severeมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerเพราะpráwเพราะpráw1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingใจjaiใจjai1heart; mind; feelings; spirit2kindness; compassion; generosity3courage; spirit; morale4intention; will; willingness5core; essence (in compounds)แกร่งgràengแกร่งgràeng1hard; solid2tough; resilient3robust (economy/organization)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
She got through tough times because she’s very strong-hearted.
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แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàล้มเหลวlóm-lěeoหลายlǎaiครั้งkrángเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangแกร่งgrɛ̀ngและlɛ́ลุกขึ้นสู้lúk-kʉ̂n-sûuใหม่màiเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Even after many failures, he remains strong and always gets back up.
ชีวิตchii-wítที่บ้านtîi-bâanไม่mâiง่ายngâaiแต่dtɛ̀ɛพี่สาวpîi-sǎaoผมpǒmใจjaiแกร่งgrɛ̀ngและlɛ́คอยkɔɔiปลอบbplɔ̀ɔpคนkonในบ้านnai-bâanตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔt
Life at home isn’t easy, but my sister is emotionally strong and always comforts the family.
การรับมือgaan ráp meuuกับgàpคำวิจารณ์kam wí-jaanอย่างyàangสร้างสรรค์sâang sănต้องdtôngใช้ใจchái jaiที่têeแกร่งgràengและláeความมั่นคงkwaam mân kongในnaiคุณค่าkun-ná-kâaของkŏngตนเองdton ayng
Dealing with criticism constructively requires emotional strength and a firm sense of self-worth.
3AdjectiveB2
robust (economy/organization)
strong and stable, especially describing systems, economies, or organizations
Examples
แผนธุรกิจpɛ̌ɛn-tú-rá-gìtแผนธุรกิจpɛ̌ɛn-tú-rá-gìt1business plan document2business strategy/plan (concept)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporationนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)แกร่งgrɛ̀ngแกร่งgrɛ̀ng1hard; solid2tough; resilient3robust (economy/organization)พอจะpɔɔ-jàพอจะpɔɔ-jàcan possibly; be able to (to some extent)รับมือráp-mʉʉรับมือráp-mʉʉ1[to] handle; cope with2[to] fend off; withstandความผันผวนkwaam-pǎn-pǔuanความผันผวนkwaam-pǎn-pǔuan1fluctuation; instability2volatility (technical/financial)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsตลาดdtà-làatตลาดdtà-làat1market; marketplace2market (economic demand/sector)3popular; mainstream (colloq.)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
This company's business plan is strong enough to handle market volatility.
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ระบบrá-bòpบริหารbɔɔ-rí-hǎanความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangของkɔ̌ɔngธนาคารtá-naa-kaanค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangแกร่งgrɛ̀ngหลังจากlǎng-jàakปรับปรุงbpràp-bprungนโยบายná-yoo-baaiใหม่mài
The bank's risk management system is quite robust after the new policy updates.
เศรษฐกิจsèet-tà-gìtภายในประเทศpaai-nai-bprà-têetยังyangแกร่งgrɛ̀ngเพราะprɔ́มีmiiอุปสงค์ù-bpà-sǒngในประเทศnai-bprà-têetหนุนnǔnและlɛ́หนี้nîiครัวเรือนkruua-rʉʉanชะลอchá-lɔɔลงlong
The domestic economy remains resilient, supported by local demand and a slowdown in household debt.
โครงสร้างองค์กรkroong-sâang-ong-gɔɔnที่tîiแกร่งgrɛ̀ngช่วยให้chûuai-hâiบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtขยายkà-yǎaiกิจการต่างประเทศgìt-jà-gaan-dtàang-bprà-têetโดยdooiไม่mâiสะดุดsà-dùtแม้mɛ́ɛเจอjəəวิกฤตwí-grìt
A robust organizational structure allows the company to expand overseas smoothly even in the face of crises.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
grɛ̀ng
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |