สาร

sǎan

Meanings

1NounB2

substance; material

a type of matter with particular properties; a substance or material

Examples

3 more examples
2NounB2

message; content

information or meaning that is communicated; a message or content

Examples

3 more examples
3NounC1

letter; epistle (formal/literary)

a written communication, especially in formal, literary, or historical contexts

Examples

7 more examples
4NounC1

essence; substance (figurative)

the essential part or core of something; the gist or substance (figurative)

Examples

3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classHigh class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.

High class consonants

ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห

Result

Rising tone

sǎan

Dips low first, then rises clearly.

High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——