กัน
ganMeanings
1AdverbA2
together; together with
used after a verb to show people do something together or with each other
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เล่นฟุตบอลlên-fút-bɔɔnเล่นฟุตบอลlên-fút-bɔɔn[to] play football; [to] play soccerกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)
Yesterday we played soccer together at the park.
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Tomorrow let's do math homework together after school.
สุดสัปดาห์นี้sùt-sàp-daa-níiพวกเราpûuak-raoวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnทำtamอาหารเย็นaa-hǎan-yenกินginด้วยกันdûuai-ganที่บ้านtîi-bâanของkɔ̌ɔngมิ้นmín
This weekend we plan to cook and have dinner together at Min's house.
Let's go to the market together.
Let's go eat together.
Yesterday we took a walk by the sea together.
Tomorrow we'll do homework together after school.
สุดสัปดาห์นี้sùt-sàp-daa-níiนัดnátเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanไปbpaiปีนเขาbpiin-kǎoกันganหลายคนlǎai-konเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเปลี่ยนบรรยากาศbplìian-ban-yaa-gàat
This weekend we arranged to go hiking together with several friends for a change of scenery.
2PronounA2
each other; one another (post-verb marker)
used after a verb to show a reciprocal action between people
Examples
พวกเราpûuak-raoพวกเราpûuak-rao1we; us2our group; our sideโกรธgròotโกรธgròot1angry; mad2[to] be angry (at/with/about)กันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂แล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂1and then; after that (sequence)2and also; plus (addition)3and; so; then (continuation/filler)กอดgɔ̀ɔtกอดgɔ̀ɔt[to] hug; embraceขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôotขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôot1sorry; excuse me2[to] apologize (to [sb]) (for)กันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmark
We got mad at each other and then hugged to apologize.
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That couple writes to each other every week.
เพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanในnaiห้องhɔ̂ngช่วยchûuaiสอนsɔ̌ɔnการบ้านgaan-bâanกันganเวลาเกิดwee-laa-gə̀ətข้อสงสัยkɔ̂ɔ-sǒng-sǎi
Classmates help teach each other with homework when questions come up.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakเข้าใจผิดkâo-jai-pìtกันganเราraoก็gɔ̂นั่งnângคุยkuiปรับความเข้าใจกันbpràp-kwaam-kâo-jai-ganจนjonเคลียร์kliiaทุกtúkเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang
After we misunderstood each other, we sat down and talked to clear everything up between us.
3VerbB1
[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block
to stop or keep something from happening, entering, or affecting; to ward off
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillใส่หน้ากากsài-nâa-gàakใส่หน้ากากsài-nâa-gàak1[to] wear a mask2[to] put on a facade; hide [one’s] true selfเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkฝุ่นfùnฝุ่นfùn1dust; fine dry particles2particulate matter (air pollution)
He wears a mask to keep out dust.
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Put on sunscreen to block the rays that damage your skin.
เราraoปิดbpìtหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangไว้wáiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกันganยุงyungเข้าบ้านkâo-bâanตอนกลางคืนdtɔɔn-glaang-kʉʉn
We keep the windows closed to prevent mosquitoes from entering the house at night.
ฝ่ายfàaiรักษาความปลอดภัยrák-sǎa-kwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiตั้งแผงdtâng-pɛ̌ɛngเหล็กlèkเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกันganผู้คนpûu-konไม่ให้mâi-hâiไหลบ่าlǎi-bàaเข้าไปkâo-bpaiยังyangพื้นที่เสี่ยงpʉ́ʉn-tîi-sìiang
Security set up metal barricades to keep people from pouring into the hazardous area.
4AdjectiveB1
protective; resistant to; -proof
Having the function of keeping out or protecting against a specified hazard, as in compounds describing rainproof or waterproof items.
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentฝนตกfǒn-dtòkฝนตกfǒn-dtòkit is raining; [to] rainฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)หยิบyìpหยิบyìp1[to] pick up; take (with fingers)2[to] select; choose (a small item)3a pinch (measure)เสื้อกันฝนsʉ̂ʉa-gan-fǒnเสื้อกันฝนsʉ̂ʉa-gan-fǒnraincoat; rain jacket; ponchoแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3[to] lead out to; extend toข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔkข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔk1outside; outdoors2the outside; exterior
It’s raining today, so I put on a raincoat and went outside.
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บ้านbâanนี้níiติดdtìtฟิล์มfiimกันganความร้อนkwaam-rɔ́ɔnที่tîiหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiห้องhɔ̂ngไม่ร้อนmâi-rɔ́ɔnเกินไปgəən-bpai
This house has heat-blocking film on the windows so the rooms don’t get too hot.
แม่mɛ̂ɛซื้อsʉ́ʉปลอกbplɔ̀ɔkหมอนmɔ̌ɔnกันganไรraiฝุ่นfùnมาใช้maa-cháiเพราะprɔ́ลูกlûukเป็นbpenภูมิแพ้puum-pɛ́ɛ
Mom bought dust-mite-proof pillowcases because her child has allergies.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtกำลังพัฒนาgam-lang-pát-tá-naaวัคซีนwák-siinกันganไวรัสwai-rátสายพันธุ์sǎai-panใหม่màiเพื่อรับมือpʉ̂ʉa-ráp-mʉʉการระบาดgaan-rá-bàatในอนาคตnai-à-naa-kót
The company is developing a vaccine against a new virus strain to prepare for future outbreaks.
5PronounB1
I; me (informal, male speech)
first-person singular pronoun used by males in casual speech
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaan[to] go to workสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7string; strap; band8lineage; affiliation; branch9classifier for rivers and streamsหน่อยnɔ̀iหน่อยnɔ̀i1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)อะàอะà1uh; um (hesitation)2huh?; what? (prompt/attention)3softening/filler particle (colloquial)ขอโทษนะkɔ̌ɔ-tôot-náขอโทษนะkɔ̌ɔ-tôot-ná1sorry (soft; familiar)2excuse me (soft; familiar)
I went to work a bit late today, sorry.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanกันganลืมlʉʉmเอาaoเอกสารèek-gà-sǎanไปส่งbpai-sòngเลยləəiต้องdtɔ̂ngกลับไปglàp-bpaiเอาaoที่บ้านtîi-bâanมาmaa
Yesterday I forgot to submit the documents, so I had to go back home to get them.
If it doesn’t rain, I’m planning to take my mom to the market this evening.
6VerbB1
[to] set aside; reserve; earmark
To keep or save something (such as money, space, or resources) for a specific purpose.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |