ระบม
rá-bomMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
very sore; badly bruised
very sore and tender, often with bruising or swelling, usually after being hit, injured, or overused
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; toppleจักรยานjàk-grà-yaanจักรยานjàk-grà-yaanbicycle; bikeหัวเข่าhǔua-kàoหัวเข่าhǔua-kàoknee (joint)ระบมrá-bomระบมrá-bom1very sore; badly bruised2be severely hurt (figurative)บวมbuuamบวมbuuam1swollen; puffy2[to] swell; [to] puff up3inflated (price/figure), exaggeratedและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)เจ็บjèpเจ็บjèp1sore; painful2[to] hurt; be in pain3hurt (emotionally)4injuredมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Yesterday I fell off my bike; my knee is very sore, swollen, and hurts a lot.
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หลังจากlǎng-jàakเตะบอลdtè-bɔɔnทั้งวันtáng-wanกล้ามเนื้อน่องglâam-nʉ́ʉa-nɔ̂ɔngของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnระบมrá-bomจนjonเดินขึ้นdəən-kʉ̂nบันไดban-daiลำบากlam-bàak
After playing soccer all day, my calf muscles are so sore that it's hard to walk up the stairs.
หมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaไหล่làiผมpǒmระบมrá-bomจากjàakการยกของgaan-yók-kɔ̌ɔngหนักnàkต้องdtɔ̂ngประคบเย็นbprà-kóp-yenและlɛ́พักpákไม่ให้mâi-hâiใช้งานchái-ngaanมากเกินไปmâak-gəən-bpai
The doctor said my shoulder is very sore from lifting heavy things; I need to apply cold compresses and rest it.
เธอtəəลื่นล้มlʉ̂ʉn-lómกระแทกgrà-tɛ̂ɛkพื้นpʉ́ʉnแขนkɛ̌ɛnช้ำchámบวมbuuamและlɛ́ระบมrá-bomจนjonขยับkà-yàpได้dâaiไม่mâiถนัดtà-nàtต้องdtɔ̂ngพันpanผ้ายืดpâa-yʉ̂ʉtไว้wáiชั่วคราวchûua-kraao
She slipped and hit the ground; her arm is bruised, swollen, and very tender, making it hard to move, so it needs to be wrapped with an elastic bandage for now.
2VerbB2
be severely hurt (figurative)
to be hurt badly in a figurative sense, such as emotionally or financially
Examples
ร้านráanร้านráan1shop; store2restaurant; eatery3booth; stallเล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a littleแถวบ้านtăeo bâanแถวบ้านtăeo bâanneighborhood; local areaขาดทุนkàat tunขาดทุนkàat tun1[to] incur a loss2unprofitable; at a loss3loss (financial)4[to] be at a disadvantage; not worth it (fig.)ต่อเนื่องdtò-nêeuangต่อเนื่องdtò-nêeuang1continuous; continual2continuously; continuallyเจ้าของjâo kŏngเจ้าของjâo kŏngowner; proprietorบอกว่าbòk wâaบอกว่าbòk wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatหัวhŭuaหัวhŭua1head (body part)2top; end; tip3leader; chief; head4mind; mentality; way of thinking5classifier: head-like items; bulbs; heads of nails/pins6header; title; headline7beginning; initial part8[to] laugh (Isan; archaic in standard Thai)ใจระบมjai rá-bomใจระบมjai rá-bomheartbroken; emotionally woundedแต่ยังdtàe yangแต่ยังdtàe yangbut still; yetต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toสู้sôoสู้sôo1[to] fight; struggle2keep going!; fight on! (encouragement)3[to] compete; contend (against)4[to] withstand; cope with; afford5[to] match; compare with; equalต่อdtòต่อdtò1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extend
The small shop in the neighborhood has been losing money; the owner said his heart is aching but he must keep fighting.
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พอpɔɔเลิกกับlə̂ək-gàpคนรักkon-rákที่tîiคบกันkóp-ganมานานmaa-naanเธอtəəระบมrá-bomจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngพักใจpák-jaiและlɛ́ห่างhàangโซเชียลsoo-chiianไปbpaiสักพักsàk-pák
After breaking up with her long-time partner, she was so emotionally wounded that she needed to rest her heart and step away from social media for a while.
ธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtทัวร์tuuaพังpangเพราะprɔ́วิกฤตwí-grìtยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉaกระแสเงินสดgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-ngən-sòtระบมrá-bomจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngปิดbpìtสาขาsǎa-kǎaหลายแห่งlǎai-hɛ̀ng
The tour business collapsed due to the prolonged crisis; the cash flow was battered to the point they had to close many branches.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakโดนdoonโกงgoongหุ้นhûnไปbpaiครึ่งหนึ่งkrʉ̂ng-nʉ̀ngเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ระบมrá-bomทางใจtaang-jaiอยู่yùuพักใหญ่pák-yài
After being cheated out of half his stocks, he was emotionally hurt for quite a while.
She was hit with harsh criticism so much that her heart ached all day.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtต้องdtɔ̂ngตัดงบdtàt-ngópโปรเจกต์bproo-jèekหลายรายlǎai-raaiการgaanทำให้tam-hâiทีมการตลาดtiim-gaan-dtà-làatระบมrá-bomทั้งtángขวัญและกำลังใจkwǎn-lɛ́-gam-lang-jai
The company had to cut budgets for many projects, leaving the marketing team badly hurt in both morale and spirit.
หลังlǎngเลิกกันlə̂ək-ganแบบbɛ̀ɛpไม่มีmâi-miiคำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baaiเขาkǎoทำเป็นtam-bpenเข้มแข็งkêm-kɛ̌ngแต่dtɛ̀ɛข้างในkâang-naiยังyangระบมrá-bomกับgàpความทรงจำkwaam-song-jamนั้นnán
After breaking up without explanation, he acted tough, but inside he was still deeply hurt by those memories.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakลงทุนlong-tunพลาดplâatครั้งใหญ่kráng-yàiกระเป๋าเงินgrà-bpǎo-ngənของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoระบมrá-bomไปหมดbpai-mòt
After a major investment mistake, his wallet was hurting badly.
โดนdoonโกงgoongเงินก้อนngən-gɔ̂ɔnใหญ่yàiจนjonใจระบมjai-rá-bomและlɛ́ไม่mâiกล้าglâaลงทุนlong-tunอีกìik
I was swindled out of a large sum, leaving my heart wounded and afraid to invest again.
เขาkǎoอกหักòk-hàkครั้งนี้kráng-níiจนjonระบมrá-bomต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้เวลาchái-wee-laaนานnaanกว่าจะgwàa-jàยอมyɔɔmเปิดใจbpə̀ət-jai
This heartbreak left him badly hurt, and it took a long time before he was willing to open up again.
ธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtขาดทุนkàat-tunต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangทำให้tam-hâiครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaระบมrá-bomทางการเงินtaang-gaan-ngənต้องdtɔ̂ngรัดเข็มขัดrát-kěm-kàtกันganทั้งtángบ้านbâan
Continuous losses left the family financially battered, so everyone had to tighten their belts.
คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngในnaiที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəระบมrá-bomทางใจtaang-jaiแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàพยายามpá-yaa-yaamยิ้มyímสู้sûuต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn
The harsh criticism in the meeting left her emotionally wounded, even though she tried to smile in front of others.
เธอtəəระบมใจrá-bom-jaiตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเลิกกับlə̂ək-gàpแฟนfɛɛnและlɛ́ยังyangทำงานtam-ngaanไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iได้dâai
She has been emotionally hurt since breaking up with her boyfriend and can hardly work.
บริษัทbò-rí-sàtเล็กๆlék lékระบมrá-bomหนักnàkจากjàakวิกฤตเศรษฐกิจwí-grìt sèt-tà-gìtจนjonต้องdtôngลดlótพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanครึ่งหนึ่งkrêung nèung
Small companies were badly hurt by the economic crisis to the point of cutting half their staff.
คำวิจารณ์kam wí-jaanแรงๆraeng raengทำtamให้ใจhâi jaiเขาkăoระบมrá-bomจนjonไม่mâiกล้าglâaออกมาòk maaพูดpôotต่อหน้าdtò nâaคนkonจำนวนมากjam-nuuan mâak
The harsh criticism left him emotionally battered, so he didn’t dare speak in front of many people.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakลงทุนlong-tunพลาดplâatเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ระบมrá-bomทางการเงินtaang-gaan-ngənอยู่yùuหลายlǎaiเดือนdʉʉan
After a failed investment, he was financially hurt for many months.
เธอterโดนdohnปฏิเสธbpà-dtì-sètซ้ำsámๆ-จนjonใจระบมjai rá-bomไม่mâiอยากyàakเริ่มrêrmความสัมพันธ์kwaam săm-panใหม่mài
She’s been rejected repeatedly until her heart is badly hurt, and she doesn’t want to start a new relationship.
ธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtเล็กlékๆ-ระบมrá-bomจากjàakค่าเช่าkâa châoที่têeพุ่งสูงpûng sŏongและláeลูกค้าlûuk-káaที่têeลดลงlót longอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang dtò nêuuang
Small businesses are hurting badly from soaring rent and a continuous drop in customers.
คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngในnaiที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumทำให้tam-hâiทีมงานtiim-ngaanระบมrá-bomทางใจtaang-jaiแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàพยายามpá-yaa-yaamรักษามือrák-sǎa-mʉʉอาชีพaa-chîipไว้wáiก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
The harsh criticism in the meeting left the team emotionally battered, even though they tried to remain professional.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakลงทุนlong-tunพลาดplâatหุ้นhûnตกหนักdtòk-nàkจนjonกระเป๋าตังค์grà-bpǎo-dtangฉันchǎnระบมrá-bomเลยləəi
After a bad investment, the stock crashed and my wallet is hurting badly.
She was betrayed by a friend, so her heart felt badly hurt for many days.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtล้มlómเขาkǎoระบมrá-bomทางการเงินtaang-gaan-ngənจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngขายkǎaiบ้านbâanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaประคองbprà-kɔɔngชีวิตchii-wít
After the business failed, he was financially devastated and had to sell his house to get by.
คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanที่tîiรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngเกินไปgəən-bpaiทำให้tam-hâiศิลปินsǐn-lá-bpinระบมrá-bomทางใจtaang-jaiแม้mɛ́ɛผลงานpǒn-ngaanจะjàประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp-kwaam-sǎm-rètก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
The excessively harsh criticism left the artist emotionally battered, even though the work was successful.
The stock crash hurt his savings badly across the entire portfolio.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
rá
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |